1Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Artillerigatan 12, SE-587 58 Linköping, Sweden.
J Anal Toxicol. 2014 Jan-Feb;38(1):46-51. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkt094. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
The concentrations of cocaine and its major metabolite benzoylecgonine (BZE) were determined in femoral blood from 132 cocaine-related deaths and compared with venous blood from 988 apprehended drivers. Cocaine and BZE were determined by solid-phase extraction and isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with limits of quantitation of 0.02 mg/L for both substances. Significantly more men (95-98%) than women (2-5%) abused cocaine, although their mean age was about the same (29-30 years). Mean age (±SD) of cocaine-related deaths was 29 ± 7 years, which was not significantly different from 30 ± 8 years in traffic cases (P > 0.05). The median concentration of cocaine in blood in 61 fatalities was 0.10 mg/L compared with 0.06 mg/L in traffic cases (P < 0.001). In drug intoxication deaths, the median concentration of cocaine was 0.13 mg/L (N = 25), which was not significantly different from 0.09 mg/L (N = 36) in other causes of death. Cocaine-related deaths mostly involved mixed drug intoxications including co-ingestion of heroin, cannabis, amphetamines as well as legal drugs, such as benzodiazepines and/or ethanol. The concentrations of cocaine in blood from living and deceased persons overlapped, which makes it infeasible to predict toxicity from the analytical toxicology results alone.
从 132 例与可卡因相关的死亡案例的股动脉血中测定可卡因及其主要代谢物苯甲酰爱康宁（BZE）的浓度，并与 988 名被捕司机的静脉血进行比较。可卡因和 BZE 采用固相萃取和同位素稀释气相色谱-质谱法测定，定量限均为 0.02 毫克/升。滥用可卡因的男性（95-98%）明显多于女性（2-5%），尽管他们的平均年龄大致相同（29-30 岁）。与交通事故案例（P > 0.05）相比，与可卡因相关的死亡案例的平均年龄（±SD）为 29 ± 7 岁，并无显著差异。61 例死亡案例中血液中可卡因的中位数浓度为 0.10 毫克/升，而交通事故案例中的浓度为 0.06 毫克/升（P < 0.001）。在药物中毒死亡案例中，可卡因的中位数浓度为 0.13 毫克/升（N = 25），与其他死亡原因（N = 36）中的 0.09 毫克/升相比，并无显著差异。与可卡因相关的死亡案例大多涉及混合药物中毒，包括海洛因、大麻、苯丙胺以及合法药物如苯二氮䓬类和/或乙醇的共同摄入。存活和死亡个体血液中的可卡因浓度重叠，这使得仅凭分析毒理学结果预测毒性变得不可行。
