Air Quality, Finnish Meteorological Institute , P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014;48(1):827-36. doi: 10.1021/es4028698. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
Particle emissions affect radiative forcing in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is essential to know the physical and chemical characteristics of them. This work studied the chemical, physical, and optical characteristics of particle emissions from small-scale wood combustion, coal combustion of a heating and power plant, as well as heavy and light fuel oil combustion at a district heating station. Fine particle (PM1) emissions were the highest in wood combustion with a high fraction of absorbing material. The emissions were lowest from coal combustion mostly because of efficient cleaning techniques used at the power plant. The chemical composition of aerosols from coal and oil combustion included mostly ions and trace elements with a rather low fraction of absorbing material. The single scattering albedo and aerosol forcing efficiency showed that primary particles emitted from wood combustion and some cases of oil combustion would have a clear climate warming effect even over dark earth surfaces. Instead, coal combustion particle emissions had a cooling effect. Secondary processes in the atmosphere will further change the radiative properties of these emissions but are not considered in this study.
颗粒物排放会影响大气中的辐射强迫。因此，了解它们的物理和化学特性至关重要。本研究对小型木材燃烧、热电厂煤炭燃烧以及区域供热站重质和轻质燃料油燃烧过程中的颗粒物排放的化学、物理和光学特性进行了研究。细颗粒物（PM1）排放中，木材燃烧的排放量最高，其中含有大量的吸光物质。来自煤炭燃烧的排放物最低，主要是因为热电厂采用了高效的清洁技术。煤炭和石油燃烧产生的气溶胶的化学成分主要包括离子和微量元素，吸光物质的比例相当低。单次散射反照率和气溶胶强迫效率表明，即使在深色地面上，来自木材燃烧和某些情况下的石油燃烧的初级颗粒物也会产生明显的气候变暖效应。相比之下，煤炭燃烧颗粒物的排放则具有冷却效应。大气中的二次过程将进一步改变这些排放物的辐射特性，但本研究未考虑这些过程。
