Chris L. Gibson is with the Department of Sociology and Criminology and Law, University of Florida, Gainesville. Abigail A. Fagan is with the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee. Kelsey Antle is with the Department of Sociology and Criminology and Law, University of Florida.
Am J Public Health. 2014 Feb;104(2):e154-61. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301571. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
We investigated how street efficacy--the perceived ability to avoid dangerous and unsafe situations--is related to violent victimization across different levels of neighborhood disadvantage.
We used 2 waves of self-report data collected between 1995 and 1999 from 1865 youths in the 9-, 12-, and 15-year-old cohorts of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods to measure violent victimization, street efficacy, and risk factors for violent victimization. We also analyzed data from the 1990 US Census to measure categories of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage for which the cohorts of youths reside. We used logistic regression models to examine the association between street efficacy and violent victimization while we controlled for demographic, family and parenting, self-control, and behavioral and lifestyle variables.
Logistic regression results showed that street efficacy had its strongest association with violent victimization in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods (odds ratio = 0.700; 95% confidence interval = 0.55, 0.89).
Our findings support the need to teach youths ways to successfully navigate potentially violent situations in environments that pose moderate to high risks for exposure to violence.
我们调查了街头效能（即避免危险和不安全情况的感知能力）与不同程度邻里劣势下的暴力受害之间的关系。
我们使用了 1995 年至 1999 年期间从芝加哥社区人类发展项目的 1865 名 9、12 和 15 岁队列的青少年中收集的 2 波自我报告数据，以衡量暴力受害、街头效能以及暴力受害的风险因素。我们还分析了 1990 年美国人口普查数据，以衡量青少年所在的邻里集中劣势的类别。我们使用逻辑回归模型来检查街头效能与暴力受害之间的关联，同时控制人口统计学、家庭和育儿、自我控制以及行为和生活方式变量。
逻辑回归结果表明，在最不利的邻里环境中，街头效能与暴力受害的关联最强（优势比=0.700；95%置信区间=0.55, 0.89）。
我们的研究结果支持了在存在中度到高度暴力暴露风险的环境中，需要教导青少年成功应对潜在暴力情况的方法。
