National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2010 Sep;39(9):1053-66. doi: 10.1007/s10964-010-9508-7. Epub 2010 Jan 29.
Using a variant of the ecological-transactional model and developmental theories of delinquency on a nationally representative sample of adolescents, the current study explored the ecological predictors of violent victimization, perpetration, and both for three different developmental stages during adolescence. We examined the relative influence of individual and family characteristics, peers, and neighborhood characteristics on the odds of experiencing violent victimization and perpetration over time with two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health for those adolescents who reported no exposure to violence at Wave 1 (N = 8,267; 50% female; 59% Caucasian; 17% African-American; 14% Hispanic). We found that more proximal factors differentiated between different experiences with violence at Wave 2. Also, negative peers significantly differentiated between violent victimization and perpetration, and this influence was strongest in early adolescence. In exploratory analyses, we found that middle adolescents were particularly vulnerable to their disadvantaged neighborhoods for a high-risk group. This analysis is one of the few that considers multiple ecological contexts simultaneously and provides support for developmental differences within adolescence on the influence that peers and neighborhoods have in predicting violent victimization and perpetration.
本研究使用生态交易模型的变体和青少年犯罪的发展理论，对全国代表性青少年样本进行了研究，探讨了青少年三个不同发展阶段暴力受害、施暴和两者兼有的生态预测因素。我们通过全国青少年健康纵向研究的两个波次，考察了个体和家庭特征、同伴和邻里特征对经历暴力受害和施暴的可能性的相对影响，这些青少年在第一波次报告没有经历过暴力（N=8267；50%为女性；59%为白种人；17%为非裔美国人；14%为西班牙裔）。我们发现，更接近的因素可以区分第二波次中不同的暴力经历。此外，消极的同伴关系显著区分了暴力受害和施暴，这种影响在青少年早期最强。在探索性分析中，我们发现，中间期青少年特别容易受到其劣势邻里环境的影响，对于高风险群体来说尤其如此。这项分析是为数不多的同时考虑多个生态环境的分析之一，为青少年时期同伴和邻里环境对暴力受害和施暴的预测影响提供了支持，同时也表明了青少年内部存在发展差异。
