Topo-optical investigations of human erythrocyte glycocalyx conformational changes induced by dextran.

Cell surface properties are involved in the aggregation process of red blood cells. Using the topo-optical toluidine blue reaction, conformational changes of the glycocalyx (main component glycophorin A) were found when red blood cells were incubated and fixed in the presence of dextran. Relative differences in optical path as a measure of red blood cell membrane anisotropy decreased in relation to dextran concentration during fixation. These conformational changes could not be detected by electrophoretic measurements. When incubating, fixing and staining red blood cells in the presence of dextran, anisotropy decreased only at low dextran concentrations and increased at rising dextran concentrations. This biphasic course of differences in optical path seems to be due to different effects of dextran superimposing upon each other: a disturbing influence on the spatial order of sialic acid carrying oligosaccharide side chains due to H-bond interaction, and an increase in the size of dye aggregates and suppression of the thermal motion of macromolecules at higher dextran concentrations.