Torti F M, Lum B L
Cancer. 1987 Feb 1;59(3 Suppl):613-6. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19870201)59:3+<613::aid-cncr2820591307>3.0.co;2-3.
Superficial bladder tumors--cancer in situ (CIS) and papillary transitional carcinoma of the bladder--are the most frequent presentations of bladder cancer, the second most common disease of the urethelial tract. These superficial tumors demonstrate a tendency to recur, either at the same stage and grade or as deeply invasive tumors. To some extent, the likelihood of tumor recurrence can be predicted, based on certain risk factors. Furthermore, the probability of recurrence can be altered through appropriate clinical interventions. A review of the literature, much of which is preliminary, suggests that interferon therapy for bladder cancer may modify the biologic behavior of this disease and provide clinical benefit for some patients.
浅表性膀胱肿瘤——原位癌（CIS）和膀胱乳头状移行细胞癌——是膀胱癌最常见的表现形式，膀胱癌是尿路上皮 tract 第二常见的疾病。这些浅表性肿瘤表现出复发的倾向，无论是在相同阶段和分级，还是发展为浸润性肿瘤。在一定程度上，基于某些风险因素可以预测肿瘤复发的可能性。此外，通过适当的临床干预可以改变复发的概率。对文献的回顾（其中许多是初步的）表明，膀胱癌的干扰素治疗可能会改变这种疾病的生物学行为，并为一些患者带来临床益处。
