护士工作不稳定性量表德语版的验证：一项前瞻性队列研究的基线调查结果，研究对象为老年护理工作者。
Validation of the German version of the Nurse-Work Instability Scale: baseline survey findings of a prospective study of a cohort of geriatric care workers.
机构信息
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Competence Centre for Epidemiology and Health Services Research in Nursing (CVcare), Martinistr, 52, Building O17, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
出版信息
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2013 Dec 13;8(1):33. doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-8-33.
BACKGROUND
A prospective study of a cohort of nursing staff from nursing homes was undertaken to validate the Nurse-Work Instability Scale (Nurse-WIS). Baseline investigation data was used to test reliability, construct validity and criterion validity.
METHOD
A survey of nursing staff from nursing homes was conducted using a questionnaire containing the Nurse-WIS along with other survey instruments (including SF-12, WAI, SPE). The self-reported number of days' sick leave taken and if a pension for reduced work capacity was drawn were recorded. The reliability of the scale was checked by item difficulty (P), item discrimination (rjt) and by internal consistency according to Cronbach's coefficient. The hypotheses for checking construct validity were tested on the basis of correlations. Pearson's chi-square was used to test concurrent criterion validity; discriminant validity was tested by means of binary logistic regression.
RESULTS
396 persons answered the questionnaire (21.3% response rate). More than 80% were female and mostly work full-time in a rotating shift pattern. Following the test for item discrimination, two items were removed from the Nurse-WIS test. According to Cronbach's (0.927) the scale provides a high degree of measuring accuracy. All hypotheses and assumptions used to test validity were confirmed: As the Nurse-WIS risk increases, health-related quality of life, work ability and job satisfaction decline. Depressive symptoms and a poor subjective prognosis of earning capacity are also more frequent. Musculoskeletal disorders and impairments of psychological well-being are more frequent. Age also influences the Nurse-WIS result. While 12.0% of those below the age of 35 had an increased risk, the figure for those aged over 55 was 50%.
CONCLUSION
This study is the first validation study of the Nurse-WIS to date. The Nurse-WIS shows good reliability, good validity and a good level of measuring accuracy. It appears to be suitable for recording prevention and rehabilitation needs among health care workers. If, in the follow-up, the Nurse-WIS likewise proves to be a reliable screening instrument with good predictive validity, it could ensure that suitable action is taken at an early stage, thereby helping to counteract early retirement and the anticipated shortage of health care workers.
背景
对养老院护理人员进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，以验证护士工作不稳定量表（Nurse-WIS）。使用基线调查数据来测试可靠性、结构有效性和标准有效性。
方法
对养老院护理人员进行了一项问卷调查，问卷中包含了护士工作不稳定量表（Nurse-WIS）以及其他调查工具（包括 SF-12、WAI、SPE）。记录了自我报告的病假天数和是否领取减少工作能力的养老金。通过项目难度（P）、项目辨别力（rjt）和 Cronbach 系数的内部一致性来检查量表的可靠性。根据相关性检验构建有效性假设。使用 Pearson 卡方检验检验同期标准有效性；使用二元逻辑回归检验判别有效性。
结果
396 人回答了问卷（21.3%的回复率）。超过 80%的人是女性，主要从事轮班工作。经过项目辨别力检验，从护士工作不稳定量表测试中删除了两个项目。根据 Cronbach（0.927），该量表具有高度的测量精度。所有用于检验有效性的假设和假设都得到了验证：随着护士工作不稳定风险的增加，健康相关的生活质量、工作能力和工作满意度下降。抑郁症状和对收入能力的主观预后不佳也更为频繁。肌肉骨骼疾病和心理健康受损更为频繁。年龄也会影响护士工作不稳定量表的结果。年龄在 35 岁以下的人有 12.0%的风险增加，而年龄在 55 岁以上的人则为 50%。
结论
这是迄今为止对护士工作不稳定量表的首次验证研究。护士工作不稳定量表具有良好的可靠性、有效性和测量精度。它似乎适合记录医疗保健工作者的预防和康复需求。如果在后续研究中，护士工作不稳定量表同样被证明是一种具有良好预测有效性的可靠筛选工具，它可以确保在早期采取适当的行动，从而有助于遏制提前退休和预期的医疗保健人员短缺。
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