一种多动机/多维度的方法来测量无烟烟草依赖。

A multiple motive/multi-dimensional approach to measure smokeless tobacco dependence.

机构信息

Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 4502 East 41st Street, SAC 1G06, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA.

Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13th Street, CHB-309, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.

出版信息

Addict Behav. 2014 Mar;39(3):622-9. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.016. Epub 2013 Nov 27.

DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.016

PMID:24333034

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Unlike various research studies conducted to address dependence among smokers, only a few studies have examined smokeless tobacco (ST) dependence. The Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) based scales are the most widely used measures of nicotine dependence for both ST users and smokers. These scales were initially developed to measure physical dependence and tolerance and not to assess other salient dimensions of dependence such as craving, compulsion, or withdrawal, as defined by DSM-IV and ICD-10. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a multidimensional scale that has better content coverage, factor structure, and psychometric properties to measure dependence among ST users.

METHODS

100 adult male smokeless tobacco users were recruited through email distribution lists and community referral. Participants completed three different nicotine dependence questionnaires and provided information related to their tobacco use and demographic characteristics. They also provided a saliva sample for cotinine measurement. In order to develop the new ST scale, subscales and items were selected based on correlation and factor analysis of the modified WISDM-68. Reliability and validity of the new scale, Oklahoma Scale for Smokeless Tobacco Dependence (OSSTD) were also assessed.

RESULTS

The new ST scale identified seven latent constructs including 23 items to measure ST dependence. Internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's coefficient (α=0.925) indicated better reliability of OSSTD than FTND-ST. Concurrent validity of OSSTD as evaluated by comparing it with dependence diagnosis and FTND-ST was affirmative. There was a significant correlation between the OSSTD total score and the cotinine levels and tobacco use characteristics among study participants.

CONCLUSION

OSSTD possesses better psychometric properties and provides an effective and efficient tool to measure ST dependence as a multidimensional construct.

摘要

背景

与针对吸烟者依赖问题进行的各种研究不同，只有少数研究考察了无烟烟草（ST）依赖问题。基于 Fagerström 耐受问卷（FTQ）和 Fagerström 尼古丁依赖量表（FTND）的量表是最常用于测量 ST 用户和吸烟者尼古丁依赖的方法。这些量表最初是为了测量生理依赖和耐受性而开发的，而不是为了评估 DSM-IV 和 ICD-10 定义的其他依赖的显著维度，如渴望、强迫或戒断。本研究旨在开发和验证一种多维量表，该量表具有更好的内容涵盖度、因子结构和心理测量特性，以衡量 ST 用户的依赖程度。

方法

通过电子邮件分发列表和社区推荐，招募了 100 名成年男性无烟烟草使用者。参与者完成了三种不同的尼古丁依赖问卷，并提供了与他们的烟草使用和人口统计学特征相关的信息。他们还提供了唾液样本进行可替宁测量。为了开发新的 ST 量表，根据修改后的 WISDM-68 的相关性和因子分析，选择了子量表和项目。还评估了新量表（俄克拉荷马州无烟烟草依赖量表（OSSTD））的可靠性和有效性。

结果

新的 ST 量表确定了七个潜在的结构，包括 23 个项目来衡量 ST 依赖。用 Cronbach 系数（α=0.925）测量的内部一致性表明，OSSTD 的可靠性优于 FTND-ST。通过将 OSSTD 与依赖诊断和 FTND-ST 进行比较来评估其同时效度是肯定的。在研究参与者中，OSSTD 总分与可替宁水平和烟草使用特征之间存在显著相关性。