Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Dec 13;54(14):ORSF5-ORSF13. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-12789.
To examine prevalence of five age-related eye conditions (age-related cataract, AMD, open-angle glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy [DR], and visual impairment) in the United States.
Review of published scientific articles and unpublished research findings.
Cataract, AMD, open-angle glaucoma, DR, and visual impairment prevalences are high in four different studies of these conditions, especially in people over 75 years of age. There are disparities among racial/ethnic groups with higher age-specific prevalence of DR, open-angle glaucoma, and visual impairment in Hispanics and blacks compared with whites, higher prevalence of age-related cataract in whites compared with blacks, and higher prevalence of late AMD in whites compared with Hispanics and blacks. The estimates are based on old data and do not reflect recent changes in the distribution of age and race/ethnicity in the United States population. There are no epidemiologic estimates of prevalence for many visually-impairing conditions.
Ongoing prevalence surveys designed to provide reliable estimates of visual impairment, AMD, age-related cataract, open-angle glaucoma, and DR are needed. It is important to collect objective data on these and other conditions that affect vision and quality of life in order to plan for health care needs and identify areas for further research.
调查美国五种与年龄相关的眼部疾病（年龄相关性白内障、AMD、开角型青光眼、糖尿病视网膜病变[DR]和视力障碍）的流行情况。
对已发表的科学文章和未发表的研究结果进行综述。
四项关于这些疾病的不同研究均显示，白内障、AMD、开角型青光眼、DR 和视力障碍的患病率较高，尤其是在 75 岁以上的人群中。不同种族/族裔群体之间存在差异，与白人相比，西班牙裔和黑人的 DR、开角型青光眼和视力障碍的年龄特异性患病率更高，白人的年龄相关性白内障患病率更高，而白种人晚期 AMD 的患病率高于西班牙裔和黑人。这些估计是基于旧数据得出的，并未反映美国人口中年龄和种族/族裔分布的近期变化。对于许多导致视力障碍的疾病，目前尚无流行率的流行病学估计。
需要开展旨在提供可靠的视力障碍、AMD、年龄相关性白内障、开角型青光眼和 DR 流行率估计的持续流行情况调查。收集这些和其他影响视力和生活质量的疾病的客观数据非常重要，以便为医疗保健需求规划和确定进一步研究的领域提供参考。
