Lee Jeongmi, Shomstein Sarah
1Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis.
Psychol Sci. 2014 Feb;25(2):466-75. doi: 10.1177/0956797613509284. Epub 2013 Dec 13.
Recent evidence has suggested that reward modulates bottom-up and top-down attentional selection and that this effect persists within the same task even when reward is no longer offered. It remains unclear whether reward effects transfer across tasks, especially those engaging different modes of attention. We directly investigated whether reward-based contingency learned in a bottom-up search task was transferred to a subsequent top-down search task, and probed the nature of the transfer mechanism. Results showed that a reward-related benefit established in a pop-out-search task was transferred to a conjunction-search task, increasing participants' efficiency at searching for targets previously associated with a higher level of reward. Reward history influenced search efficiency by enhancing both target salience and distractor filtering, depending on whether the target and distractors shared a critical feature. These results provide evidence for reward-based transfer between different modes of attention and strongly suggest that an integrated priority map based on reward information guides both top-down and bottom-up attention.
最近的证据表明，奖励会调节自下而上和自上而下的注意力选择，并且即使不再提供奖励，这种效应在同一任务中仍然持续存在。奖励效应是否能跨任务转移，尤其是那些涉及不同注意力模式的任务，目前尚不清楚。我们直接研究了在自下而上搜索任务中学习到的基于奖励的偶然性是否会转移到随后的自上而下搜索任务中，并探究了转移机制的本质。结果表明，在弹出式搜索任务中建立的与奖励相关的益处转移到了联合搜索任务中，提高了参与者搜索先前与更高奖励水平相关目标的效率。奖励历史通过增强目标显著性和干扰项过滤来影响搜索效率，这取决于目标和干扰项是否共享关键特征。这些结果为不同注意力模式之间基于奖励的转移提供了证据，并有力地表明基于奖励信息的综合优先级地图指导着自上而下和自下而上的注意力。
