Liiv Helena, Wyon Matthew A, Jürimäe Toivo, Saar Meeli, Mäestu Jarek, Jürimäe Jaak
Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Tartu, Jakobi 5, Tartu 51014, Estonia. Tel +372 5291059, +372 737 5372, fax +372 737 5373.
Med Probl Perform Art. 2013 Dec;28(4):207-11.
This study compared anthropometric variables, somatotypes, and aerobic capacity between three groups of dancers: classical ballet dancers (M 33, F 56), contemporary dancers (M 28, F 109), and dancesport dancers (M 30, F 30). The assumption was that different functional requirements should produce differences in the anthropometric and aerobic capacity variables among the three groups. Anthropometric data for body mass index (BMI) and somatotypes were measured. Body fat percentage was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Maximal oxygen consumption and aerobic power were measured during an incremental treadmill test until exhaustion. Dancesport athletes were taller compared with same gender contemporary dancers (p<0.05). Female ballet dancers had a lower body mass and BMI compared with their contemporary dance and dancesport equivalents (p<0.001). There was significant difference between dance styles in endomorphy (F2,221 = 8.773, p<0.001) and mesomorphy (F2,221 = 21.458, p<0.001) scores. Dancesport dancers had significantly greater VO2max values (p<0.01). It was concluded that female contemporary dancers are generally more muscular than their ballet counterparts, while dancesport dancers are taller and heavier, less muscular, with slightly greater adioposity compared to the classical ballet dancers. Ballet dancers had the lowest body fat percentage, weight, and BMI values. Dancesport dancers had greater aerobic capacity than the ballet dancers. Based on this study, we conclude that dancers in these three styles differ in some aspects of anthropometric variables, somatotypes, and aerobic capacity, but we cannot say is it because of the training or selection or both.
本研究比较了三组舞者的人体测量学变量、体型和有氧能力：古典芭蕾舞舞者（男性33名，女性56名）、现代舞舞者（男性28名，女性109名）和体育舞蹈舞者（男性30名，女性30名）。假设是不同的功能需求会导致三组之间在人体测量学和有氧能力变量上产生差异。测量了体重指数（BMI）和体型的人体测量数据。通过双能X线吸收法测量体脂百分比。在递增式跑步机测试中测量最大耗氧量和有氧功率，直至受试者精疲力竭。与同性别的现代舞舞者相比，体育舞蹈运动员更高（p<0.05）。与同龄的现代舞和体育舞蹈舞者相比，女性芭蕾舞舞者的体重和BMI较低（p<0.001）。舞蹈风格在内胚层体型（F2,221 = 8.773，p<0.001）和中胚层体型（F2,221 = 21.458，p<0.001）得分上存在显著差异。体育舞蹈舞者的最大耗氧量值显著更高（p<0.01）。研究得出结论，女性现代舞舞者通常比芭蕾舞同行肌肉更发达，而体育舞蹈舞者更高更重，肌肉较少，与古典芭蕾舞舞者相比体脂略高。芭蕾舞舞者的体脂百分比、体重和BMI值最低。体育舞蹈舞者的有氧能力比芭蕾舞舞者更强。基于这项研究，我们得出结论，这三种风格的舞者在人体测量学变量、体型和有氧能力的某些方面存在差异，但我们无法确定这是由于训练、选拔还是两者共同作用的结果。
