School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton United Kingdom.
J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Dec;23(9):2732-40. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bc1749.
Although classical ballet is an artistic expression through the use of the body, there is a real opportunity to improve and extend the dancer's career by simply applying sports science principles to dance training and performance. Dance training is a long process of physical, intellectual, and psychological preparation, through physical exercise, often beginning in childhood and continuing until retirement. Fitness programs, supplementary to traditional dance classes, have only recently been considered as a part of this process; it may be suggested that this cross-training has generally been avoided thus far because of tradition and a reluctance to follow principles associated with sport. Classical ballet training, rehearsal, and performance do not elicit significant stimulus to result in increased aerobic fitness levels. Therefore, dancers often demonstrate low levels of aerobic fitness even though a strong aerobic foundation is necessary to meet the required workload. Dancers have greater than average range of motion and strength at the hip joint but weaknesses in the upper body, torso, hamstrings, and quadriceps. In the past, dancers have been wary of strength training because they perceive this leads to aesthetically undesirable hypertrophy. Dancers also have low body weights and low percentage body fat. Given that training does not provide the opportunity to expend enough energy to maintain these aesthetic demands, this aesthetic demand may be met by caloric restriction, which may lead to subsequent increased injury risk. It has been hypothesized that a "fit for purpose" body can help improve performance, reduce the risk of injury, and ensure prolonged dance careers. This review aims to explore the extent to which physical fitness components relate to dance performance, in particular classical ballet.
虽然古典芭蕾是一种通过身体表达的艺术形式，但通过将运动科学原理应用于舞蹈训练和表演，确实有机会提高和延长舞者的职业生涯。舞蹈训练是一个身体、智力和心理准备的漫长过程，通过体育锻炼，通常从童年开始，一直持续到退休。健身计划，作为传统舞蹈课程的补充，最近才被认为是这个过程的一部分；可能有人认为，到目前为止，这种交叉训练一直被回避，是因为传统和不愿意遵循与运动相关的原则。古典芭蕾训练、排练和表演不会引起显著的刺激，从而提高有氧健身水平。因此，舞者的有氧健身水平往往较低，尽管有氧健身水平是满足所需工作量所必需的。舞者髋关节的活动范围和力量大于平均值，但上半身、躯干、腿筋和四头肌较弱。过去，舞者对力量训练持谨慎态度，因为他们认为这会导致审美上不期望的肥大。舞者的体重也较低，体脂百分比也较低。由于训练没有提供足够的能量消耗机会来维持这些审美要求，这种审美要求可能通过热量限制来满足，这可能会导致随后受伤风险的增加。有人假设，“适合目的”的身体可以帮助提高表现，降低受伤风险，并确保延长舞蹈生涯。本综述旨在探讨身体成分在多大程度上与舞蹈表现相关，特别是古典芭蕾。
