Rickert Dale L, Barrett Margaret S, Ackermann Bronwen J
School of Music, University of Queensland, Level 4, Zelman Cowen Bldg., Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Tel +61403546482.
Med Probl Perform Art. 2013 Dec;28(4):219-29.
That orchestral musicians are exposed to a high risk of playing-related injury is well established, but despite this, little is known about how work organisation and psychosocial factors may contribute to this risk. Lack of research in this area is surprising considering the importance of these factors in managing occupational health risks in a wide range of other working populations. To address this, we conducted a qualitative study with the following aims: to investigate orchestral musicians' and managers' perceptions of those workplace environmental factors that contribute to injury, and to investigate the potential influence of work organisation and psychosocial factors on injury risk for orchestral musicians. Using a qualitative case-study methodology, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 10 professional orchestral cellists (2 casual and 8 full-time members) from a single Australian orchestra. After initial data analysis, further interviews were undertaken with a set of 5 orchestral management staff as a means of data triangulation. All data were analysed using a "themes-based" analysis of narrative approach. The findings indicate that musicians perceive that stress in the orchestral environment increases injury risk. The perceived stressors were divided into two broad categories: psychosocial injury risks, which included performance stress and interpersonal relationships, and combined psychosocial/physical injury risks such as work organisation and lack of control. This article evaluates the findings in terms of existing literature and makes recommendations for better management of environmental injury risk for orchestral musicians.
管弦乐演奏者面临与演奏相关的高受伤风险，这一点已得到充分证实，但尽管如此，对于工作组织和社会心理因素如何导致这种风险，我们却知之甚少。考虑到这些因素在管理其他众多工作人群的职业健康风险方面的重要性，该领域缺乏研究令人惊讶。为解决这一问题，我们开展了一项定性研究，目标如下：调查管弦乐演奏者和管理人员对导致受伤的工作场所环境因素的看法，并调查工作组织和社会心理因素对管弦乐演奏者受伤风险的潜在影响。采用定性案例研究方法，对来自澳大利亚一个管弦乐团的10名专业管弦乐大提琴手（2名临时成员和8名全职成员）进行了深入的半结构化访谈。在初步数据分析之后，又对一组5名管弦乐管理人员进行了访谈，作为数据三角验证的一种方式。所有数据均采用基于主题的叙事分析法进行分析。研究结果表明，演奏者认为管弦乐环境中的压力会增加受伤风险。所感知到的压力源分为两大类：社会心理受伤风险，包括表演压力和人际关系；以及社会心理/身体综合受伤风险，如工作组织和缺乏控制权。本文根据现有文献对研究结果进行了评估，并就更好地管理管弦乐演奏者的环境受伤风险提出了建议。
