Hermens Frouke, Lachmann Thomas, van Leeuwen Cees
School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK,
Psychol Res. 2015 Jan;79(1):42-63. doi: 10.1007/s00426-013-0529-1. Epub 2013 Dec 15.
The Goodness of Garner dot patterns has been shown to influence same-different response times in a specific way, which has led to the formulation of a memory search model of pattern comparison. In this model, the space of possible variations of each pattern is searched separately for each pattern in the comparison, resulting in faster response times for patterns that have fewer alternatives. Compared to an alternative explanation based on stimulus encoding plus mental rotation, however, the existing data strongly favor this explanation. To obtain a more constraining set of data to distinguish between the two possible accounts, we extended the original paradigm to a situation in which participants needed to compare three, rather than two patterns and varied the way the stimuli were presented (simultaneously or sequentially). Our findings suggest that neither the memory search nor the encoding plus mental rotation model provides a complete description of the data, and that the effects of Goodness must be understood in a combination of both mechanisms, or in terms of cascades processing.
加纳点阵模式的优良性已被证明会以一种特定方式影响异同反应时间，这导致了一种模式比较的记忆搜索模型的形成。在这个模型中，比较时会针对每个模式分别搜索每个模式可能变化的空间，对于替代方案较少的模式，反应时间会更快。然而，与基于刺激编码加心理旋转的另一种解释相比，现有数据强烈支持这种解释。为了获得一组更具约束性的数据以区分这两种可能的解释，我们将原始范式扩展到一种情境，即参与者需要比较三个而非两个模式，并改变刺激呈现的方式（同时或相继）。我们的研究结果表明，记忆搜索模型和编码加心理旋转模型都不能完整地描述这些数据，并且优良性的影响必须通过两种机制的结合来理解，或者从级联处理的角度来理解。
