Tandon Shishir
Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
Pest Manag Sci. 2014 Nov;70(11):1706-10. doi: 10.1002/ps.3707. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
Pesticides used on rice, which is widely grown in India in the rainy season, must be investigated for the persistence and magnitude of their residues in the crop and soil to ensure human and environmental safety. Anilofos is widely used in rice, and its persistence and dissipation behaviour in soil and rice was investigated in field trials under subhumid and subtropical conditions.
The persistence of anilofos in soil, husk, grain and rice straw was evaluated at two application rates (0.4 and 0.8 kg AI ha(-1) ) by RP-HPLC. In soil, residues were detected up to 45 and 75 days after application at 0.4 and 0.8 kg AI ha(-1) respectively. No residue was observed in soil, husk, grain or rice straw at the time of harvest at either application rate. Detector response was linear within the concentration range 0.1-5.0 µg mL(-1) at 2.22% standard deviation. The limit of detection was 0.003 µg mL(-1) , and the limit of quantification of the method for soil, straw, grain and husk was 0.007, 0.01, 0.008 and 0.01 µg g(-1) respectively.
The dissipation of herbicide from soil appeared to occur in a single phase and conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics. The calculated half-life values of anilofos residue in soil were 13 days for the lower rate of application (0.4 kg AI ha(-1) ) and 15.5 days for the higher rate (0.8 kg AI ha(-1) ). Anilofos residues were below the maximum residue level in soil, husk, rice grain and rice straw at harvest.
印度雨季广泛种植水稻，用于水稻的农药必须对其在作物和土壤中的残留持久性及残留量进行调查，以确保人类和环境安全。莎稗磷在水稻中广泛使用，在半湿润和亚热带条件下的田间试验中对其在土壤和水稻中的残留持久性及消散行为进行了研究。
采用反相高效液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）在两种施用量（0.4和0.8千克有效成分公顷⁻¹）下评估了莎稗磷在土壤、稻壳、谷粒和稻草中的残留持久性。在土壤中，分别在施用量为0.4和0.8千克有效成分公顷⁻¹时，施用后45天和75天检测到残留。两种施用量下收获时，在土壤、稻壳、谷粒或稻草中均未观察到残留。在浓度范围0.1-5.0微克毫升⁻¹内，检测器响应呈线性，标准偏差为2.22%。检测限为0.003微克毫升⁻¹，该方法对土壤、稻草、谷粒和稻壳的定量限分别为0.007、0.01、0.008和0.01微克克⁻¹。
除草剂从土壤中的消散似乎以单相发生，并符合伪一级动力学。计算得出，较低施用量（0.4千克有效成分公顷⁻¹）下莎稗磷在土壤中的残留半衰期为13天，较高施用量（0.8千克有效成分公顷⁻¹）下为15.5天。收获时，土壤、稻壳、稻谷和稻草中的莎稗磷残留低于最大残留限量。
