Horwood Anna M, Riddell Patricia M
Infant Vision Laboratory, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
Perception. 2013;42(7):693-715. doi: 10.1068/p7506.
Accurate coordination of accommodation and convergence is necessary to view near objects and develop fine motor coordination. We used a remote haploscopic videorefraction paradigm to measure longitudinal changes in simultaneous ocular accommodation and vergence to targets at different depths, and to all combinations of blur, binocular disparity, and change-in-size ('proximity') cues. Infants were followed longitudinally and compared with older children and young adults, with the prediction that sensitivity to different cues would change during development. Mean infant responses to the most naturalistic condition were similar to those of adults from 6-7 weeks (accommodation) and 8-9 weeks (vergence). Proximity cues influenced responses most in infants of less than 14 weeks of age, but sensitivity declined thereafter. Between 12 and 28 weeks of age infants were equally responsive to all three cues, while in older children and adults manipulation of disparity resulted in the greatest changes in response. Despite rapid development of visual acuity (thus increasing availability of blur cues), responses to blur were stable throughout development. Our results suggest that, during much of infancy, vergence and accommodation responses are not dependent on the development of specific depth cues, but make use of any cues available to drive appropriate changes in response.
准确协调调节和集合对于观察近处物体以及发展精细运动协调能力是必要的。我们使用了一种远程单眼视频验光范式来测量同时性眼调节和聚散对不同深度目标的纵向变化，以及对模糊、双眼视差和大小变化（“接近度”）线索的所有组合的变化。对婴儿进行纵向跟踪，并与大龄儿童和年轻人进行比较，预测在发育过程中对不同线索的敏感度会发生变化。婴儿对最自然状态的平均反应在6 - 7周（调节）和8 - 9周（聚散）时与成年人相似。接近度线索对14周龄以下婴儿的反应影响最大，但此后敏感度下降。在12至28周龄之间，婴儿对所有三种线索的反应相同，而在大龄儿童和成年人中，视差的改变导致反应变化最大。尽管视力快速发育（从而增加了模糊线索的可用性），但在整个发育过程中对模糊的反应是稳定的。我们的结果表明，在婴儿期的大部分时间里，聚散和调节反应并不依赖于特定深度线索的发展，而是利用任何可用线索来驱动相应的适当变化。
