Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 2014 Feb;103(2):120-3. doi: 10.1111/apa.12452.
Type one diabetes (T1D) seems a well-defined disease, but its classification may be difficult. Evidence is weak that an autoimmune process with insulitis causes loss of the beta cells in all patients. Some scientists propose that it may be caused by a virus, increased hygiene or the early introduction of cow's milk or gluten, while views about the nerve supply, vascular function and the beta cells own role tend to be disregarded. Immune interventions have had limited success. There are differences, but also similarities, between T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Several views on T1D have become so widely accepted that they may actually hamper progress into the true cause of this disease. Research on T1D needs to be carried out with an open mind, and clinicians might be wise to recommend a lifestyle that aims to decrease both the risk of T1D and T2D.
1 型糖尿病（T1D）似乎是一种明确的疾病，但它的分类可能很困难。有证据表明，自身免疫过程伴有胰岛炎会导致所有患者的β细胞丧失。一些科学家提出，它可能是由病毒、卫生条件改善或早期引入牛奶或麸质引起的，而关于神经供应、血管功能和β细胞自身作用的观点往往被忽视。免疫干预的效果有限。T1D 和 2 型糖尿病（T2D）之间存在差异，但也有相似之处。
关于 T1D 的几种观点已经被广泛接受，以至于它们实际上可能阻碍对这种疾病真正病因的研究进展。对 T1D 的研究需要开放思维，临床医生明智的做法是推荐一种旨在降低 T1D 和 T2D 风险的生活方式。
