Palese A M, Magno R, Casacchia T, Curci M, Baronti S, Miglietta F, Crecchio C, Xiloyannis C, Sofo A
Dipartimento delle Culture Europee e del Mediterraneo: Architettura, Ambiente, Patrimoni Culturali (DiCEM), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via San Rocco 3, 75100 Matera, Italy.
IBIMET-CNR, Istituto di Biometeorologia, Via G. Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Nov 17;2013:496278. doi: 10.1155/2013/496278. eCollection 2013.
The abandonment of olive orchards is a phenomenon of great importance triggered mainly by economic and social causes. The aim of this study was to investigate some chemical, biochemical, and microbiological properties in a soil of a southern olive grove abandoned for 25 years. In order to define the effect of the long-term land abandonment on soil properties, an adjacent olive grove managed according to extensive practices was taken as reference (essentially minimum tillage and no fertilization). Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and pH were significantly higher in the abandoned olive grove due to the absence of tillage and the natural inputs of organic matter at high C/N ratio which, inter alia, increased the number of cellulolytic bacteria and stimulated the activity of β -glucosidase, an indicator of a more advanced stage of soil evolution. The soil of the abandoned olive orchard showed a lower number of total bacteria and fungi and a lower microbial diversity, measured by means of the Biolog method, as a result of a sort of specialization trend towards low quality organic substrates. From this point of view, the extensive cultivation management seemed to not induce a disturbance to microbiological communities.
橄榄园的荒废是一个主要由经济和社会原因引发的极为重要的现象。本研究的目的是调查一片荒废了25年的南方橄榄园土壤中的一些化学、生化和微生物特性。为了确定长期土地荒废对土壤性质的影响，选取了一个按照粗放管理方式经营的相邻橄榄园作为参照（基本上是最少耕作且不施肥）。由于没有耕作以及高碳氮比有机物质的自然输入，荒废橄榄园的土壤有机质、总氮和pH值显著更高，这尤其增加了纤维素分解细菌的数量并刺激了β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性，β-葡萄糖苷酶是土壤演化更高级阶段的一个指标。由于对低质量有机底物存在某种专业化趋势，通过Biolog方法测定，荒废橄榄园土壤中的细菌和真菌总数以及微生物多样性较低。从这一角度来看，粗放式种植管理似乎并未对微生物群落造成干扰。
