Nocardiosis: risk factors, clinical characteristics and outcome.

Nocardiosis has been reported increasingly in recent two decades, probably due to improvement in isolation of the organism and increased burden of immune compromised patients. Nocardia occasionally has been reported in healthy people. A case series of definitive Nocardiosis (2002 to 2010), clinical characteristics, underlying diseases, immune status and in-patient outcome were studied in a tertiary referral center. Twenty one patients with definite diagnosis of Nocardiosis were studied. 17 cases (81%) had an underlying disease (diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid therapy, and chronic granulomatous disease and collagen vascular diseases). Four patients (19%) were immune-competent without any predisposing disease. In 17 patients (81%), Nocardiosis was limited to respiratory tract and in 4 cases (19%) it was disseminated with multi organ involvement. Two cases (9.5%) died in hospital.