The effect of cesarean delivery skin incision approach in morbidly obese women on the rate of classical hysterotomy.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the risk of classical hysterotomy and surgical morbidity among women with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 40 kg/m² who underwent a supraumbilical incision at the time of cesarean delivery.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in women having a BMI greater than 40 kg/m² who underwent a cesarean delivery of a live, singleton pregnancy from 2007 to 2011 at a single tertiary care institution. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared between patients undergoing supraumbilical vertical (cohort, n = 45) or Pfannenstiel (controls, n = 90) skin incisions.

RESULTS

Women undergoing supraumbilical incisions had a higher risk of classical hysterotomy (OR, 24.6; 95% CI, 9.0-66.8), surgical drain placement (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 2.6-16.2), estimated blood loss greater than 1 liter (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4-8.4), and longer operative time (97 ± 38 minutes versus 68 ± 30 minutes; P < .001) when compared to subjects with Pfannenstiel incisions (controls). There was no difference in the risk of wound complication between women undergoing supraumbilical or Pfannenstiel incisions (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 0.9-8.0).

CONCLUSION

In women with a BMI above 40 kg/m², supraumbilical incision at the time of cesarean delivery is associated with a greater risk of classical hysterotomy and operative morbidity.