Reid J D, Choi C H, Oldroyd N O
Am J Clin Pathol. 1987 Apr;87(4):443-54. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/87.4.443.
Calcium oxalate crystals are not encountered in normal animal tissues, except for the human thyroid, where they were found in 79 of 100 routine consecutive autopsies. They appear during childhood, and numbers of crystals increase with age. In diffuse hyperplasia, prevalence was higher, but crystals were fewer than expected. In adenomas and carcinomas, crystals were decreased except for three cases with a striking focal increase. None was found in 22 adult primate thyroids. After Clorox digestion of human thyroids, calcium oxalate dihydrate was identified by x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Origin, tissue and species localization are discussed in relation to ascorbate metabolism, thyroperoxidase, and calcitonin. Possible metabolic roles are suggested. Calcium oxalate crystals injected in animals and humans initiate a foreign body reaction with giant cells. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, crystals disappear but occasionally remain with giant cell reaction. In subacute thyroiditis, granulomas are related more to colloid than to crystals.
除人类甲状腺外，正常动物组织中不会出现草酸钙晶体。在100例连续常规尸检中，有79例在人类甲状腺中发现了草酸钙晶体。它们在儿童期出现，且晶体数量随年龄增长而增加。在弥漫性增生中，患病率较高，但晶体数量比预期的少。在腺瘤和癌中，除了3例有明显局灶性增多的病例外，晶体数量减少。在22个成年灵长类动物的甲状腺中未发现草酸钙晶体。用含氯消毒剂消化人类甲状腺后，通过X射线衍射和红外光谱鉴定出了二水合草酸钙。结合抗坏血酸代谢、甲状腺过氧化物酶和降钙素讨论了草酸钙晶体的起源、组织和物种定位。提出了可能的代谢作用。向动物和人类体内注射草酸钙晶体可引发异物巨细胞反应。在桥本甲状腺炎中，晶体消失，但偶尔会伴有巨细胞反应。在亚急性甲状腺炎中，肉芽肿更多与胶体有关，而非晶体。
