Istituto di Zootecnica, Facoltà di Agraria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; Centro di Ricerca sulla Nutrigenomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
Res Vet Sci. 2014 Feb;96(1):69-78. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.011. Epub 2013 Dec 1.
Previous studies had indicated an active role of bovine forestomachs in the response to alimentary disorders as well as to inflammatory and infectious processes in both the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract and elsewhere. We investigated the potential of bovine forestomachs to receive, elaborate and produce signals and mediators of the innate immune response. Indeed, we detected the expression of Toll IL-1R8/single Ig IL-1-related receptor (TIR8/SIGIRR) and other receptors and cytokines, such as Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10 and Caspase-1 in the forestomach walls of healthy cows. Their presence suggests an active role of forestomachs in inflammatory disorders of the GI tract and other body compartments. Moreover, interferon (IFN)-γ was revealed in ruminal content. We confirmed and further characterized the presence of leukocytes in the rumen fluids. In particular, T-, B-lymphocytes and myeloid lineage cells were detected in the ruminal content of both rumen-fistulated heifers and diseased cows. An acidogenic diet based on daily supplements of maize was shown to inhibit leukocyte accumulation, as opposed to a control, hay-based diet, with or without a soy flour (protein) supplement. On the whole, results indicate that bovine forestomachs can receive and elaborate signals for the immune cells infiltrating the rumen content or other organs. Forestomachs can thus participate in a cross-talk with the lymphoid tissues in the oral cavity and promote regulatory actions at both regional and systemic levels; these might include the control of dry matter intake as a function of fundamental metabolic requirements of ruminants.
先前的研究表明，牛前胃在胃肠道（GI）和其他部位的炎症和感染过程中对饮食紊乱有积极作用。我们研究了牛前胃接收、加工和产生先天免疫反应信号和介质的潜力。事实上，我们在健康奶牛的前胃壁中检测到了 Toll 白细胞介素-1 受体 8/单一免疫球蛋白白细胞介素-1 相关受体（TIR8/SIGIRR）和其他受体和细胞因子的表达，如 Toll 样受体（TLR）4、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-10 和 Caspase-1。它们的存在表明前胃在胃肠道和其他身体部位的炎症性疾病中具有积极作用。此外，在瘤胃液中发现了干扰素（IFN）-γ。我们证实并进一步描述了白细胞在前胃内容物中的存在。特别是，在瘤胃有瘘管的小母牛和患病奶牛的瘤胃液中检测到 T 细胞、B 淋巴细胞和髓样细胞。基于每日补充玉米的酸化日粮被证明可抑制白细胞的积累，而不是对照的基于干草的日粮，无论是补充还是不补充豆粉（蛋白质）。总的来说，结果表明牛前胃可以接收和加工浸润瘤胃液或其他器官的免疫细胞的信号。因此，前胃可以与口腔中的淋巴组织进行交流，并在区域和全身水平上促进调节作用；这些可能包括控制干物质摄入，作为反刍动物基本代谢需求的函数。
