School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2014 Feb;16(2):280-90. doi: 10.1039/c3em00432e.
Polymeric pipes, such as unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) pipes, polypropylene random (PPR) pipes and polyethylene (PE) pipes are increasingly used for drinking water distribution lines. Plastic pipes may include some additives like metallic stabilizers and other antioxidants for the protection of the material during its production and use. Thus, some compounds can be released from those plastic pipes and cast a shadow on drinking water quality. This work develops a new procedure to investigate three types of polymer pipes (uPVC, PE and PPR) with respect to the migration of total organic carbon (TOC) into drinking water. The migration test was carried out in stagnant conditions with two types of migration processes, a continuous migration process and a successive migration process. These two types of migration processes are specially designed to mimic the conditions of different flow manners in drinking water pipelines, i.e., the situation of continuous stagnation with long hydraulic retention times and normal flow status with regular water renewing in drinking water networks. The experimental results showed that TOC release differed significantly with different plastic materials and under different flow manners. The order of materials with respect to the total amount of TOC migrating into drinking water was observed as PE > PPR > uPVC under both successive and continuous migration conditions. A higher amount of organic migration from PE and PPR pipes was likely to occur due to more organic antioxidants being used in pipe production. The results from the successive migration tests indicated the trend of the migration intensity of different pipe materials over time, while the results obtained from the continuous migration tests implied that under long stagnant conditions, the drinking water quality could deteriorate quickly with the consistent migration of organic compounds and the dramatic consumption of chlorine to a very low level. Higher amounts of TOC were released under the continuous migration tests.
聚烯烃管道，如未增塑聚氯乙烯（uPVC）管、无规共聚聚丙烯（PPR）管和聚乙烯（PE）管，越来越多地用于饮用水分配管道。塑料管道可能包含一些添加剂，如金属稳定剂和其他抗氧化剂，以保护材料在生产和使用过程中的稳定性。因此，一些化合物可能会从这些塑料管道中释放出来，从而影响饮用水的质量。本工作开发了一种新的程序，以研究三种类型的聚合物管道（uPVC、PE 和 PPR）中总有机碳（TOC）向饮用水中的迁移情况。迁移试验在停滞条件下进行，采用两种迁移过程，即连续迁移过程和连续迁移过程。这两种类型的迁移过程是专门设计用来模拟饮用水管道中不同流动方式下的条件，即长时间水力停留时间下的连续停滞情况和饮用水管网中定期更新水的正常流动状态。实验结果表明，TOC 的释放随塑料材料的不同和流动方式的不同而有显著差异。在连续和连续迁移条件下，TOC 迁移到饮用水中的总量的材料顺序为 PE > PPR > uPVC。PE 和 PPR 管中更多的有机迁移可能是由于在管道生产中使用了更多的有机抗氧化剂。连续迁移试验的结果表明了不同管道材料在一段时间内迁移强度的趋势，而连续迁移试验的结果则表明，在长时间的停滞条件下，随着有机化合物的持续迁移和氯的急剧消耗到非常低的水平，饮用水质量可能会迅速恶化。连续迁移试验中释放的 TOC 量更高。
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