University of California, Los Angeles.
J Pers. 2015 Feb;83(1):69-83. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12083. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
The current study used an influence model of personality and stress processes to examine the association between individual differences in trait self-control and daily stress exposure and reactivity in adolescent youth. A total of 129 adolescents (Mage = 14.7 years, 59% female) completed individual difference measures of self-control, neuroticism, and measures of responses to stress. Participants then reported on daily stressful events, stress severity, mood, coping, and mindlessness (a predictor of acting on impulse) for 14 consecutive days. Self-control predicted less exposure to daily stress, less reactivity to daily stress, and more adaptive responses to stress. Specifically, adolescents with higher self-control experienced fewer daily stressors and reported lower stress severity, particularly when daily mindlessness was high. Second, adolescents with higher self-control reported less mindlessness in response to daily stress relative to those with lower self-control, but they did not show differences in emotional reactivity to stress. Finally, results also offered evidence for an indirect effect of problem-focused coping strategies between self-control and emotional reactivity to stress. The current investigation illustrates the importance of trait self-control in daily stress processes among adolescents and suggests possible mechanisms through which self-control confers these positive effects.
本研究采用人格和压力过程的影响模型，考察了青少年特质自我控制个体差异与日常压力暴露和反应之间的关系。共有 129 名青少年（平均年龄=14.7 岁，59%为女性）完成了自我控制、神经质和应对压力反应的个体差异测量。然后，参与者报告了 14 天的日常压力事件、压力严重程度、情绪、应对方式和心不在焉（冲动行为的预测指标）。自我控制能力预测了更少的日常压力暴露、更少的日常压力反应以及对压力的更适应性反应。具体而言，自我控制能力较高的青少年经历的日常压力源较少，报告的压力严重程度较低，尤其是当日常心不在焉程度较高时。其次，与自我控制能力较低的青少年相比，自我控制能力较高的青少年在日常压力下的心不在焉程度较低，但他们在对压力的情绪反应方面没有差异。最后，结果还为问题焦点应对策略在自我控制和对压力的情绪反应之间的间接效应提供了证据。本研究说明了特质自我控制在青少年日常压力过程中的重要性，并提出了自我控制产生这些积极影响的可能机制。
