Parker L C, Stokes C A, Sabroe I
Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2014 Jan;44(1):20-8. doi: 10.1111/cea.12182.
Human rhinoviruses (HRV) have been linked to the development of childhood asthma and recurrent acute asthma exacerbations throughout life, and contribute considerably to the healthcare and economic burden of this disease. However, the ability of HRV infections to trigger exacerbations, and the link between allergic status and HRV responsiveness, remains incompletely understood. Whilst the receptors on human airway cells that detect and are utilized by most HRV group A and B, but not C serotypes are known, how endosomal pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect HRV replication products that are generated within the cytoplasm remains somewhat of an enigma. In this article, we explore a role for autophagy, a cellular homeostatic process that allows the cell to encapsulate its own cytosolic constituents, as the crucial mechanism controlling this process and regulating the innate immune response of airway epithelial cells to viral infection. We will also briefly describe some of the recent insights into the immune responses of the airway to HRV, focusing on neutrophilic inflammation that is a potentially unwanted feature of the acute response to viral infection, and the roles of IL-1 and Pellinos in the regulation of responses to HRV.
人鼻病毒（HRV）与儿童哮喘的发生以及一生中反复出现的急性哮喘加重有关，并在很大程度上导致了这种疾病的医疗和经济负担。然而，HRV感染引发病情加重的能力以及过敏状态与HRV反应性之间的联系仍未完全明确。虽然已知大多数A组和B组HRV（而非C血清型）检测并利用的人呼吸道细胞上的受体，但内体模式识别受体（PRR）如何检测在细胞质中产生的HRV复制产物仍有些神秘。在本文中，我们探讨了自噬（一种使细胞能够包裹自身胞质成分的细胞稳态过程）作为控制这一过程并调节气道上皮细胞对病毒感染的先天免疫反应的关键机制所起的作用。我们还将简要描述一些关于气道对HRV免疫反应的最新见解，重点关注嗜中性粒细胞炎症（这是病毒感染急性反应中一个潜在的不良特征）以及白细胞介素-1和pellinos在调节对HRV反应中的作用。
