Murnyák Balázs, Csonka Tamás, Hegyi Katalin, Méhes Gábor, Klekner Almos, Hortobágyi Tibor
Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum, Patológiai Intézet, Neuropatológiai Tanszék, Debrecen.
Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum, Patológiai Intézet, Debrecen.
Ideggyogy Sz. 2013 Sep 30;66(9-10):312-21.
Glial tumours represent the most frequent type of primary brain cancers. Gliomas are characterized by heterogeneity that makes the diagnosis, histological classification and the choosing of correct therapy more difficult. Despite the advances in developing therapeutic strategies patients with malignant gliomas have a poor prognosis; therefore glial tumours represent one of the most important areas of cancer research. There are no detailed data on the epidemiology of gliomas in Hungary.
In the first section of our publication, we analysed the histological diagnosed cases between 2007 and 2011 at the Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Centre. We analyzed the incidence of 214 high-grade gliomas by tumor grades, gender, age, and the anatomical localization.
The majority of cases were glioblastoma (182 cases), and the remaining 32 cases were anaplastic gliomas. The mean age of patients was 57 years (+/- 16.4), and the male:female ratio was 1.1:1. The most frequent area of tumors was the frontal lobe followed by the temporal, parietal and occipital lobe. We include new findings published recently about glioma pathogenesis, molecular pathways, mutant genes and chromosomal regions. We explain briefly the role of selected important genes in glioma genesis and give an update on knowledge provided by modern molecular methods, which could beneficially influence future therapy and the diagnosis of gliomas.
神经胶质瘤是原发性脑癌中最常见的类型。胶质瘤具有异质性，这使得诊断、组织学分类以及选择正确的治疗方法变得更加困难。尽管在制定治疗策略方面取得了进展，但恶性胶质瘤患者的预后仍然很差；因此，神经胶质瘤是癌症研究最重要的领域之一。匈牙利尚无关于胶质瘤流行病学的详细数据。
在我们出版物的第一部分，我们分析了德布勒森医科大学健康科学中心病理学研究所2007年至2011年期间经组织学诊断的病例。我们按肿瘤分级、性别、年龄和解剖定位分析了214例高级别胶质瘤的发病率。
大多数病例为胶质母细胞瘤（182例），其余32例为间变性胶质瘤。患者的平均年龄为57岁（±16.4），男女比例为1.1:1。肿瘤最常见的部位是额叶，其次是颞叶、顶叶和枕叶。我们纳入了最近发表的关于胶质瘤发病机制、分子途径、突变基因和染色体区域的新发现。我们简要解释了选定的重要基因在胶质瘤发生中的作用，并更新了现代分子方法提供的知识，这些知识可能对未来胶质瘤的治疗和诊断产生有益影响。
