Logue David N, Mayne C Sinclair
Large Animal Division, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, 18a NewForge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK.
Vet J. 2014 Jan;199(1):31-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.10.027. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
As European dairy farms become larger and diverge between grass-based and fully housed systems, interest in the welfare of the dairy cow and related environmental issues by consumers and legislators is increasing. These pressures mean that good nutrition and management, which underpin much dairy cow welfare, is critical. Despite considerable research into the management and nutrition of the dairy cow from calf to adulthood there is much on-farm variability in its application. While the incidences of many endemic diseases are reduced most are still significant, for example lameness. In addition, trade and climate change are bringing a more diverse range of pathogens, parasites and pests into Northern Europe. Housing aspects are limited in application by economics and in most cases still do not match grazing for welfare in temperate climates. Genomic technologies offer increased opportunities to breed for 'robustness' but like 'precision animal management systems' have still to be fully exploited.
随着欧洲奶牛场规模不断扩大，且在以草为基础的养殖系统和全封闭式养殖系统之间出现分化，消费者和立法者对奶牛福利及相关环境问题的关注度日益提高。这些压力意味着，良好的营养和管理对于奶牛福利至关重要，而营养和管理是奶牛福利的重要基础。尽管针对奶牛从犊牛到成年期的管理和营养进行了大量研究，但其在农场中的应用仍存在很大差异。虽然许多地方病的发病率有所降低，但大多数发病率仍然很高，例如跛足。此外，贸易和气候变化正将更多种类的病原体、寄生虫和害虫带入北欧。住房方面在经济应用上受到限制，而且在大多数情况下，在温带气候下，其福利水平仍无法与放牧相媲美。基因组技术为培育“强健性”提供了更多机会，但与“精准动物管理系统”一样，仍有待充分利用。
