Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Germany.
CRC Text Structures, University of Göttingen, Germany.
Biol Psychol. 2014 Feb;96:111-25. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.12.003. Epub 2013 Dec 19.
Emotional facial expressions usually arise dynamically from a neutral expression. Yet, most previous research focused on static images. The present study investigated basic aspects of processing dynamic facial expressions. In two experiments, we presented short videos of facial expressions of six basic emotions and non-emotional facial movements emerging at variable and fixed rise times, attaining different intensity levels. In event-related brain potentials (ERP), effects of emotion but also for non-emotional movements appeared as early posterior negativity (EPN) between 200 and 350ms, suggesting an overall facilitation of early visual encoding for all facial movements. These EPN effects were emotion-unspecific. In contrast, relative to happiness and neutral expressions, negative emotional expressions elicited larger late positive ERP components (LPCs), indicating a more elaborate processing. Both EPN and LPC amplitudes increased with expression intensity. Effects of emotion and intensity were additive, indicating that intensity (understood as the degree of motion) increases the impact of emotional expressions but not its quality. These processes can be driven by all basic emotions, and there is little emotion-specificity even when statistical power is considerable (N (Experiment 2)=102).
情绪面部表情通常从中性表情动态产生。然而,大多数先前的研究都集中在静态图像上。本研究调查了处理动态面部表情的基本方面。在两项实验中,我们呈现了六个基本情绪和非情绪面部运动的短视频,这些运动以不同的可变和固定上升时间出现,达到不同的强度水平。在事件相关脑电位 (ERP) 中,情绪的影响,以及非情绪运动的影响,表现为 200 到 350 毫秒之间的后正成分 (EPN),表明所有面部运动的早期视觉编码都得到了整体促进。这些 EPN 效应是无情绪特异性的。相比之下,与快乐和中性表情相比,负性情绪表情引发了更大的晚期正成分 (LPC),表明处理更加精细。EPN 和 LPC 幅度均随表情强度增加而增加。情绪和强度的影响是累加的,这表明强度(理解为运动的程度)增加了情绪表达的影响,但不会改变其质量。这些过程可以由所有基本情绪驱动,即使统计能力相当大(N(实验 2)=102),也几乎没有情绪特异性。