Department of Integrative Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Jan 21;48(2):1290-7. doi: 10.1021/es4045874. Epub 2014 Jan 9.
Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide with increasing urban use. Sixteen urban waterways and municipal wastewater were sampled for fipronil, its environmental degradates, and pyrethroid insecticides. Because findings could not be interpreted with existing data on fipronil degradate toxicity, EC50s and LC50s for fipronil and its sulfide and sulfone derivatives were determined for 14 macroinvertebrate species. Four species were more sensitive than any previously studied, indicating fipronil's toxicity to aquatic life has long been underestimated. The most sensitive species tested, Chironomus dilutus, had a mean 96-h EC50 of 32.5 ng/L for fipronil and 7-10 ng/L for its degradates. Hyalella azteca, a common testing species, was among the least sensitive. The typical northern California creek receiving urban stormwater runoff contains fipronil and degradate concentrations twice the EC50 of C. dilutus, and approximately one-third the EC50 for a stonefly, a caddisfly, and two mayfly species. The present study substantially increases data available on toxicity of fipronil degradates, and demonstrates that fipronil and degradates are common in urban waterways at concentrations posing a risk to a wide variety of stream invertebrates.
氟虫腈是一种苯基吡唑类杀虫剂,其在城市中的使用量不断增加。本研究采集了 16 条城市水道和城市污水,以检测氟虫腈及其环境降解产物和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂。由于现有关于氟虫腈降解产物毒性的数据无法解释这些发现,因此本研究为 14 种大型无脊椎动物物种确定了氟虫腈及其硫醚和砜衍生物的 EC50 和 LC50。四种物种比以前研究过的任何物种都更敏感,这表明氟虫腈对水生生物的毒性长期以来一直被低估。测试过的最敏感物种 Chironomus dilutus 对氟虫腈的 96-h EC50 平均为 32.5ng/L,对其降解产物的 96-h EC50 为 7-10ng/L。Hyalella azteca 是一种常见的测试物种,是最不敏感的物种之一。典型的北加州接收城市雨水径流的溪流中,氟虫腈及其降解产物的浓度是 Chironomus dilutus 的 EC50 的两倍,约为石蝇、蜉蝣和两种蜻蜓物种 EC50 的三分之一。本研究大大增加了关于氟虫腈降解产物毒性的数据,表明氟虫腈及其降解产物在城市水道中很常见,其浓度对各种溪流无脊椎动物构成风险。