Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2011 Oct;159(10):3051-6. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.008. Epub 2011 May 18.
Urban streams of the Pacific Northwest provide spawning and rearing habitat for a variety of salmon species, and food availability for developing salmon could be adversely affected by pesticide residues in these waterbodies. Sediments from Oregon and Washington streams were sampled to determine if current-use pyrethroid insecticides from residential neighborhoods were reaching aquatic habitats, and if they were at concentrations acutely toxic to sensitive invertebrates. Approximately one-third of the 35 sediment samples contained measurable pyrethroids. Bifenthrin was the pyrethroid of greatest concern with regards to aquatic life toxicity, consistent with prior studies elsewhere. Toxicity to Hyalella azteca and/or Chironomus dilutus was found in two sediment samples at standard testing temperature (23 °C), and in one additional sample at a more environmentally realistic temperature (13 °C). Given the temperature dependency of pyrethroid toxicity, low temperatures typical of northwest streams can increase the potential for toxicity above that indicated by standard testing protocols.
太平洋西北地区的城市溪流为多种鲑鱼物种提供了产卵和育幼的栖息地，而这些水体中的农药残留可能会对发育中的鲑鱼的食物供应产生不利影响。对俄勒冈州和华盛顿州溪流的沉积物进行了采样，以确定来自居民区的当前使用的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂是否已经进入水生栖息地，以及它们的浓度是否对敏感无脊椎动物具有急性毒性。大约三分之一的 35 个沉积物样本中含有可测量的拟除虫菊酯。就水生生物毒性而言，联苯菊酯是最令人关注的拟除虫菊酯，这与其他地方的先前研究一致。在标准测试温度（23°C）下，两个沉积物样本以及另外一个样本对食蚊鱼和/或摇蚊幼虫具有毒性，而该样本的温度更接近实际的环境温度（13°C）。鉴于拟除虫菊酯类毒性对温度的依赖性，西北溪流中典型的低温可能会使毒性增加，超过标准测试方案所指示的水平。
