State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Oct;105(20):7695-7708. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11605-3. Epub 2021 Sep 29.
Fipronil is a broad-spectrum phenyl-pyrazole insecticide that is widely used in agriculture. However, in the environment, its residues are toxic to aquatic animals, crustaceans, bees, termites, rabbits, lizards, and humans, and it has been classified as a C carcinogen. Due to its residual environmental hazards, various effective approaches, such as adsorption, ozone oxidation, catalyst coupling, inorganic plasma degradation, and microbial degradation, have been developed. Biodegradation is deemed to be the most effective and environmentally friendly method, and several pure cultures of bacteria and fungi capable of degrading fipronil have been isolated and identified, including Streptomyces rochei, Paracoccus sp., Bacillus firmus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus spp., Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila, and Aspergillus glaucus. The metabolic reactions of fipronil degradation appear to be the same in different bacteria and are mainly oxidation, reduction, photolysis, and hydrolysis. However, the enzymes and genes responsible for the degradation are somewhat different. The ligninolytic enzyme MnP, the cytochrome P450 enzyme, and esterase play key roles in different strains of bacteria and fungal. Many unanswered questions exist regarding the environmental fate and degradation mechanisms of this pesticide. The genes and enzymes responsible for biodegradation remain largely unexplained, and biomolecular techniques need to be applied in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of these issues. In this review, we summarize the literature on the degradation of fipronil, focusing on biodegradation pathways and identifying the main knowledge gaps that currently exist in order to inform future research. KEY POINTS: • Biodegradation is a powerful tool for the removal of fipronil. • Oxidation, reduction, photolysis, and hydrolysis play key roles in the degradation of fipronil. • Possible biochemical pathways of fipronil in the environment are described.
氟虫腈是一种广泛应用于农业的广谱苯吡唑类杀虫剂。然而，在环境中，其残留对水生动物、甲壳类动物、蜜蜂、白蚁、兔子、蜥蜴和人类都具有毒性，已被归类为 C 类致癌物。由于其残留的环境危害，开发了各种有效的方法，如吸附、臭氧氧化、催化剂偶联、无机等离子体降解和微生物降解。生物降解被认为是最有效和最环保的方法，已经分离和鉴定了几种能够降解氟虫腈的纯细菌和真菌，包括罗奇氏链霉菌、副球菌属、坚固芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、芽孢杆菌属、嗜酸性寡养单胞菌和黄曲霉。不同细菌中氟虫腈降解的代谢反应似乎相同，主要为氧化、还原、光解和水解。然而，负责降解的酶和基因略有不同。木质素过氧化物酶 MnP、细胞色素 P450 酶和酯酶在不同细菌和真菌菌株中发挥关键作用。关于该农药的环境归宿和降解机制仍存在许多未解答的问题。负责生物降解的基因和酶在很大程度上仍未得到解释，需要应用生物分子技术才能全面了解这些问题。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关氟虫腈降解的文献，重点介绍了生物降解途径，并确定了目前存在的主要知识空白，以为未来的研究提供信息。要点：• 生物降解是去除氟虫腈的有力工具。• 氧化、还原、光解和水解在氟虫腈的降解中起关键作用。• 描述了氟虫腈在环境中的可能生化途径。
