Pinto-Correia Clara, Monteiro João Lourenço
Instituto de Investigação Científica Bento da Rocha Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Estudos de História e Filosofia das Ciências, Évora, Portugal.
Departamento de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.
Endeavour. 2014 Mar;38(1):19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2013.11.001. Epub 2013 Dec 25.
In 1756, while he was regent of the Faculté de Médecine in Paris, Charles-Augustin Vandermonde published his Essai sur la Manière de Perfectionner l'Espèce Humaine. This treatise was situated within the French-led medical movement of meliorism, meant to increase public health by boosting the medical arrangement of marriages from all strata of society. What made Vandermonde different from his colleagues is that he was not just looking for a way to improve the health of society: he was also proposing a series of measures meant to increase the beauty of humankind. And, for the first time in the history of European medicine, he advocated mixed-race couplings as a means to obtain the best results. This latter development is so unexpected in the global setting of the Enlightenment that we could arguably hail Vandermonde as the founding father of what Michel Foucault later called 'biopolitique'.
1756年，夏尔 - 奥古斯坦·范德蒙德在担任巴黎医学院院长期间，发表了他的《论完善人类物种的方法》。这篇论文属于以法国为首的改良主义医学运动，旨在通过推动社会各阶层的婚姻医学安排来增进公众健康。范德蒙德与他的同行不同之处在于，他不仅在寻求改善社会健康的方法，还提出了一系列旨在提升人类美貌的措施。而且，在欧洲医学史上，他首次倡导不同种族间的结合以获得最佳效果。在启蒙运动的全球背景下，这一后来的发展是如此出人意料，以至于我们可以称范德蒙德为米歇尔·福柯后来所称的“生命政治”的奠基人。
