Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, 4911 Barnes Jewish Hospital Plaza, Saint Louis, MO 63117, USA.
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, 4911 Barnes Jewish Hospital Plaza, Saint Louis, MO 63117, USA.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2014 Apr;28(3):367-77. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.10.006. Epub 2013 Dec 3.
Open spina bifida is a non-lethal fetal anomaly. Significant advances in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of open spina bifida have been made over the past 75 years. The most significant strategy for the prevention of open spina bifida has been with folic acid supplementation; however, further investigation into the complicated role that genetics and the environment play in metabolism are coming to light. Ultrasound is the gold standard diagnostic tool for spina bifida. Three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are also beginning to play a role in the characterisation of the open spina bifida spinal lesion. Lesion level has been closely correlated to short and long-term outcomes, and prenatal characterisation of lesion level on ultrasound is important for patient counselling. Long-term outcomes of people living with spina bifida are available and should be used for non-directive patient counselling about pregnancy choices for women with open spina bifida.
开放性脊柱裂是一种非致命性的胎儿畸形。在过去的 75 年中，开放性脊柱裂的预防、诊断和治疗取得了重大进展。预防开放性脊柱裂最有效的策略是补充叶酸；然而，遗传和环境在代谢中所扮演的复杂角色的进一步研究正在逐渐展开。超声是脊柱裂的金标准诊断工具。三维超声和磁共振成像也开始在开放性脊柱裂脊柱病变的特征描述中发挥作用。病变部位与短期和长期结果密切相关，超声对病变部位的产前特征描述对患者咨询非常重要。开放性脊柱裂患者的长期预后数据是可用的，并且应该用于对开放性脊柱裂女性的妊娠选择进行非直接的患者咨询。
