Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
J Cell Physiol. 2014 Sep;229(9):1141-7. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24540.
Malignant brain tumors are thought to be originate from a small population of cells that display stem cell properties, including the capacity of self-renewal, multipotent differentiation, initiation of tumor tissues. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in gliomas in which they are named as glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs, sharing some characteristics with normal neural stem cells (NSCs), contribute to the cellular origin for primary gliomas and the recurrence of malignant gliomas after current conventional therapy. Recently, increasing evidences have showed that miRNAs play a central role in GSCs. In this review we focus on the role of GSCs in gliomas and in the abnomal expression of miRNAs in GSCs. Furthermore, we also discuss epigenetic dysregulation of tumor-suppressor miRNAs by promoter DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of GSCs biology. Recent advances in understanding dysregulated expression of miRNAs and methylation of tumor-suppressor miRNAs in GSCs and their possible use as new therapeutic targets of gliomas.
恶性脑肿瘤被认为起源于一小部分具有干细胞特性的细胞，包括自我更新、多能分化、肿瘤组织起始的能力。癌症干细胞（CSC）已在神经胶质瘤中被鉴定出来，在神经胶质瘤中被命名为神经胶质瘤干细胞（GSC）。GSC 与正常神经干细胞（NSC）具有一些共同特征，它们有助于原发性神经胶质瘤的细胞起源以及当前常规治疗后恶性神经胶质瘤的复发。最近，越来越多的证据表明 miRNA 在 GSC 中发挥着核心作用。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍 GSC 在神经胶质瘤中的作用以及 GSC 中 miRNA 的异常表达。此外，我们还讨论了肿瘤抑制 miRNA 的启动子 DNA 甲基化引起的表观遗传失调在 GSC 生物学调控中的作用。最近在理解 GSC 中 miRNA 的失调表达和肿瘤抑制 miRNA 的甲基化及其作为神经胶质瘤新的治疗靶点方面的进展。
