New advances of microRNAs in glioma stem cells, with special emphasis on aberrant methylation of microRNAs.

Malignant brain tumors are thought to be originate from a small population of cells that display stem cell properties, including the capacity of self-renewal, multipotent differentiation, initiation of tumor tissues. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in gliomas in which they are named as glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs, sharing some characteristics with normal neural stem cells (NSCs), contribute to the cellular origin for primary gliomas and the recurrence of malignant gliomas after current conventional therapy. Recently, increasing evidences have showed that miRNAs play a central role in GSCs. In this review we focus on the role of GSCs in gliomas and in the abnomal expression of miRNAs in GSCs. Furthermore, we also discuss epigenetic dysregulation of tumor-suppressor miRNAs by promoter DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of GSCs biology. Recent advances in understanding dysregulated expression of miRNAs and methylation of tumor-suppressor miRNAs in GSCs and their possible use as new therapeutic targets of gliomas.