Claeson Kerin M
Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19082.
J Morphol. 2014 Jun;275(6):597-612. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20239. Epub 2013 Dec 26.
The Comparative anatomy of the 11 recognized genera within Torpediniformes is described, systematically categorized, and illustrated in a comprehensive photo-atlas. Data are compiled into a character matrix and cladistically analyzed using parsimony to test hypotheses about the previously recognized subfamilies, while reconstructing the possible evolutionary history of Torpediniformes. Results are consistent with the previous rank-based classifications, regardless of the parsimony criteria used to generate the phylogenetic hypothesis, with one notable exception: a monophyletic Narcininae was never recovered. Torpedinoidea (=Hypnos + Torpedo) is supported by the presence of long, slender, flexible jaw cartilages, absence of a large rostral fontanelle, presence of suprascapular antimeres that are each shorter than the scapular process of the scapulocoracoid, antorbital cartilages that articulate on the anterior aspect of the nasal capsules and absence of a frontoparietal fontanelle. Subfamilial names Hypninae and Torpedininae are redundant with the genus names Hypnos and Torpedo and are not adopted here. Narcinoidea (=nontorpedinoid torpediniforms) is supported by unambiguous character transformations to the presence of a divided lower lip, labial cartilages, laterolingually compressed palatoquadrates, bifurcated antorbital cartilages, a rostral fontanelle, ventrally projecting nasal capsules, a dorsal rim of the synarcual mouth posterior to occipital condyle, posteriorly positioned lateral stays, and obtuse anterior margins of lateral stays. Narkidae is supported by unambiguous character transformations to the presence of an uncovered eye that protrudes above dorsal surface, a shared rim between the spiracle and the eye, an anterior nasal turret that projects ventrally, a nasal curtain that covers the upper lip and dentition when the mouth is closed, tab-like prepelvic processes, a mesopterygium that is shorter than propterygium but longer than metapterygium, a slender median rostral cartilage, and a basibranchial cartilage with an anterior margin that is depressed medially and a posterior margin that tapers.
本文描述了电鳐目11个公认属的比较解剖结构，进行了系统分类，并在一本综合图谱中进行了展示。数据被整理成一个性状矩阵，并使用简约法进行分支分析，以检验关于先前公认亚科的假设，同时重建电鳐目的可能进化历史。无论用于生成系统发育假设的简约标准如何，结果都与先前基于等级的分类一致，但有一个显著例外：单系的裸背电鲼亚科从未被检出。电鳐总科（=裸背电鲼属+电鳐属）的依据是存在长而细长、灵活的颌软骨，不存在大的吻部囟门，肩胛反位骨片短于肩胛喙突的肩胛突，眶前软骨在鼻囊前侧相连，以及不存在额顶囟门。亚科名称裸背电鲼亚科和电鳐亚科与属名裸背电鲼属和电鳐属重复，在此不采用。双鳍电鳐总科（=非电鳐类电鳐目鱼类）的依据是明确的性状转变，包括下唇分开、唇软骨、舌侧压缩的腭方骨、分叉的眶前软骨、吻部囟门、腹侧突出的鼻囊、枕髁后方的椎弓口背缘、后侧的外侧支柱以及外侧支柱钝圆的前缘。单鳍电鳐科的依据是明确的性状转变，包括裸露的眼睛突出于背表面之上、鳃孔和眼睛之间有共同边缘、腹侧突出的前鼻炮塔、闭嘴时覆盖上唇和齿列的鼻帘、片状的骨盆前突、中鳍软骨短于前鳍软骨但长于后鳍软骨、细长的正中吻软骨以及基鳃软骨，其前缘向内侧凹陷，后缘逐渐变细。
