USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA.
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA.
Adv Appl Microbiol. 2014;86:145-97. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800262-9.00003-2.
In the United States, it is estimated that non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause more illnesses than STEC O157:H7, and the majority of cases of non-O157 STEC infections are due to serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145, referred to as the top six non-O157 STEC. The diseases caused by non-O157 STEC are generally milder than those induced by O157 STEC; nonetheless, non-O157 STEC strains have also been associated with serious illnesses such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, as well as death. Ruminants, particularly cattle, are reservoirs for both O157 and non-O157 STEC, which are transmitted to humans by person-to-person or animal contact and by ingestion of food or water contaminated with animal feces. Improved strategies to control STEC colonization and shedding in cattle and contamination of meat and produce are needed. In general, non-O157 STEC respond to stresses such as acid, heat, and other stresses induced during food preparation similar to O157 STEC. Similar to O157:H7, the top six non-O157 STEC are classified as adulterants in beef by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, and regulatory testing for these pathogens began in June 2012. Due to the genetic and phenotypic variability of non-O157 STEC strains, the development of accurate and reliable methods for detection and isolation of these pathogens has been challenging. Since the non-O157 STEC are responsible for a large portion of STEC-related illnesses, more extensive studies on their physiology, genetics, pathogenicity, and evolution are needed in order to develop more effective control strategies.
在美国，估计非 O157 型志贺毒素产生大肠杆菌（STEC）引起的疾病比 O157:H7 型 STEC 引起的更多，大多数非 O157 STEC 感染病例是由血清型 O26、O45、O103、O111、O121 和 O145 引起的，这些血清型被称为六大非 O157 STEC。非 O157 STEC 引起的疾病通常比 O157 STEC 引起的疾病轻；然而，非 O157 STEC 菌株也与严重疾病有关，如出血性结肠炎和溶血性尿毒综合征，以及死亡。反刍动物，特别是牛，是 O157 和非 O157 STEC 的宿主，这些细菌通过人与人之间或动物接触以及摄入被动物粪便污染的食物或水传播给人类。需要改进控制牛中 STEC 定植和脱落以及肉类和农产品污染的策略。一般来说，非 O157 STEC 对酸、热和食品制备过程中诱导的其他压力的反应与 O157 STEC 相似。与 O157:H7 类似，美国农业部食品安全检验局将前六大非 O157 STEC 列为牛肉中的掺杂物，这些病原体的监管检测于 2012 年 6 月开始。由于非 O157 STEC 菌株的遗传和表型变异性，开发用于检测和分离这些病原体的准确可靠方法具有挑战性。由于非 O157 STEC 是 STEC 相关疾病的主要原因之一，因此需要对其生理学、遗传学、致病性和进化进行更广泛的研究，以制定更有效的控制策略。
