Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Children's Hospital, PO Box 19063, Cape Town, South Africa.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2014 Feb;8(1):101-9. doi: 10.1586/17476348.2013.863712. Epub 2013 Dec 30.
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is the commonest clinical form of childhood TB occurring in approximately 80% of cases. Traditionally, bronchoscopy in pediatric TB suspects was used to collect specimens for mycobacterial culture using especially bronchoalveolar lavage. New data have described the role of bronchoscopy as a more comprehensive instrument for the diagnosis and management of pulmonary TB in children. Flexible bronchoscopy is an important intervention to evaluated airways disease, collect samples for culture, relieve critical threatening airway obstruction and aid in the management of complicated pulmonary TB disease in children. Airway involvement in children suspected of pulmonary TB has been described in 41-63% of cases. The commonest airways involved are bronchus intermedius, left main bronchus and the trachea. Bronchoscopy is safe in children with severe airway obstruction. As bronchoscope images improve, the working channel size increases new applications for bronchoscopy will be developed making them more applicable in small children.
肺结核（TB）是儿童中最常见的临床形式，约占 80%的病例。传统上，支气管镜检查用于通过支气管肺泡灌洗收集分枝杆菌培养的标本。新数据描述了支气管镜检查在儿童肺结核诊断和管理中的综合作用。纤维支气管镜是评估气道疾病、采集标本进行培养、缓解严重威胁气道阻塞和帮助治疗儿童复杂肺结核病的重要干预措施。在疑似肺结核的儿童中，气道受累的比例为 41-63%。最常见的气道受累是中间支气管、左主支气管和气管。在严重气道阻塞的儿童中，支气管镜检查是安全的。随着支气管镜图像的改善，工作通道的尺寸增大，将开发支气管镜的新应用，使其更适用于小儿童。
