van Nagell John R, Hoff John T
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center/Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
Int J Womens Health. 2013 Dec 20;6:25-33. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S38347.
Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) is an integral part of all major ovarian cancer screening trials. TVS is accurate in detecting abnormalities in ovarian volume and morphology, but is less reliable in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian tumors. When used as the only screening test, TVS is sensitive, but has a low positive predictive value. Therefore, serum biomarkers and tumor morphology indexing are used together with TVS to identify ovarian tumors at high risk for malignancy. This allows preoperative triage of high-risk cases to major cancer centers for therapy while decreasing unnecessary surgery for benign disease. Ovarian cancer screening has been associated with a decrease in stage at detection in most trials, thereby allowing treatment to be initiated when the disease is most curable.
经阴道超声检查（TVS）是所有主要卵巢癌筛查试验的重要组成部分。TVS在检测卵巢体积和形态异常方面准确，但在区分卵巢良性和恶性肿瘤方面可靠性较低。当作为唯一的筛查测试时，TVS具有敏感性，但阳性预测值较低。因此，血清生物标志物和肿瘤形态学指标与TVS一起用于识别具有恶性高风险的卵巢肿瘤。这使得高危病例在术前可分流至大型癌症中心进行治疗，同时减少对良性疾病的不必要手术。在大多数试验中，卵巢癌筛查与检测时分期的降低相关，从而能够在疾病最可治愈时开始治疗。
