Meye Frank J, Lecca Salvatore, Valentinova Kristina, Mameli Manuel
Institut du Fer à Moulin Paris, France ; INSERM, UMR-S 839 Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Dec 16;7:860. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00860.
The lateral habenula (LHb) is emerging as a crucial structure capable of conveying rewarding and aversive information. Recent evidence indicates that a rapid increase in the activity of LHb neurons drives negative states and avoidance. Furthermore, the hyperexcitability of neurons in the LHb, especially those projecting to the midbrain, may represent an important cellular correlate for neuropsychiatric disorders like depression and drug addiction. Despite the recent insights regarding the implications of the LHb in the context of reward and aversion, the exact nature of the synaptic and cellular players regulating LHb neuronal functions remains largely unknown. Here we focus on the synaptic and cellular physiology of LHb neurons. First, we discuss the properties of excitatory transmission and the implications of glutamate receptors for long-term synaptic plasticity; second, we review the features of GABAergic transmission onto LHb neurons; and finally, we describe the contribution that neuromodulators such as dopamine (DA) and serotonin may have for LHb neuronal physiology. We relate these findings to the role that the LHb can play in processing aversive and rewarding stimuli, both in health and disease states.
外侧缰核（LHb）正逐渐成为一个能够传递奖赏和厌恶信息的关键结构。最近的证据表明，LHb神经元活动的快速增加会引发消极状态和回避行为。此外，LHb中神经元的过度兴奋，尤其是那些投射到中脑的神经元，可能是抑郁症和药物成瘾等神经精神疾病的重要细胞关联因素。尽管最近对LHb在奖赏和厌恶背景下的影响有了一些见解，但调节LHb神经元功能的突触和细胞相关因素的确切性质在很大程度上仍不清楚。在这里，我们关注LHb神经元的突触和细胞生理学。首先，我们讨论兴奋性传递的特性以及谷氨酸受体对长期突触可塑性的影响；其次，我们回顾GABA能传递到LHb神经元上的特征；最后，我们描述多巴胺（DA）和5-羟色胺等神经调质可能对LHb神经元生理学产生的作用。我们将这些发现与LHb在健康和疾病状态下处理厌恶和奖赏刺激时所起的作用联系起来。
