Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Dept. of Clinical Chemistry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Neurology, Laboratory for CSF Diagnostics and Clinical Neurochemistry, Ulm, Germany.
Clin Biochem. 2014 Mar;47(4-5):288-92. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.12.024. Epub 2014 Jan 2.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflects pathophysiological aspects of neurological diseases, where neuroprotective strategies and biomarkers are urgently needed. Therefore, biobanking is very relevant for biomarker discovery and evaluation of neurological diseases. Important and unique features of CSF biobanking are intensive collaboration in international networks and the tight application of standardized protocols. The current adoption of standardized protocols for CSF and blood collection as presented in this review enables biomarker studies in large cohorts of patients and controls. Another topic of this review is the selection of control groups, which influences the outcome of biomarker investigations. Control groups in CSF biobanks mainly consist of different disease controls. This is in part due to the fact that lumbar punctures are mostly performed for clinical indications and rarely for research purposes only, as it is a relatively invasive procedure. Moreover, there is a lack of homogenous criteria and definition of control groups. We therefore propose uniform consensus definitions for such control groups in biomarker research, i.e. Healthy controls (HC), Spinal anesthesia subjects (SAS), Symptomatic controls (SC), Inflammatory Neurological Disease Controls (CINDC), Peripheral Inflammatory Neurological Disease Controls (PINDC) and Non-inflammatory Neurological Disease Controls (NINDC). Another important aspect of CSF biobanking is quality control. Systematic studies to address effects of pre-analytical and storage variation on a broad range of CSF proteins are needed. In conclusion, biomarker research in neurodegenerative diseases has entered a new era due to the collaborative and multicenter efforts of many groups. The streamlining of biobanking procedures, including quality control, and the selection of optimal control groups for investigating biomarkers are important improvements to perform high quality biomarker studies.
脑脊液（CSF）反映了神经疾病的病理生理方面，因此迫切需要神经保护策略和生物标志物。因此，生物银行对于生物标志物的发现和神经疾病的评估非常重要。CSF 生物银行的重要和独特特征是在国际网络中进行密集合作以及严格应用标准化协议。本综述中提出的 CSF 和血液采集的标准化协议的当前采用使能够在大量患者和对照者队列中进行生物标志物研究。本综述的另一个主题是对照组的选择，这会影响生物标志物研究的结果。CSF 生物银行中的对照组主要由不同的疾病对照组组成。部分原因是腰椎穿刺主要是出于临床指征，很少仅出于研究目的进行，因为这是一种相对侵入性的程序。此外，缺乏对对照组的统一标准和定义。因此，我们提出了在生物标志物研究中对这些对照组的统一共识定义，即健康对照者（HC）、脊髓麻醉受试者（SAS）、症状对照者（SC）、炎症性神经疾病对照者（CINDC）、周围炎症性神经疾病对照者（PINDC）和非炎症性神经疾病对照者（NINDC）。CSF 生物银行的另一个重要方面是质量控制。需要进行系统研究，以解决广泛的 CSF 蛋白质的分析前和储存变化的影响。总之，由于许多小组的协作和多中心努力，神经退行性疾病的生物标志物研究已经进入了一个新时代。生物银行程序的简化，包括质量控制以及为研究生物标志物选择最佳对照组，是进行高质量生物标志物研究的重要改进。
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