Koos Erin, Brand Michael, Rojas Julio, Li Ji
From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
South Med J. 2014 Jan;107(1):28-33. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0000000000000049.
Gender plays a significant role in the development and treatment of substance abuse disorders. Sex-specific treatment for girls and women has recurrently proven more effective, with better outcomes than traditional treatment. Research on impaired healthcare professionals (HCPs) has largely focused on men, garnering little attention for women and sex differences. With the increasing numbers of female HCPs, it is imperative to identify potential sex differences that may have implications for treatment. Our study compared a convenience sample of male and female HCPs with substance abuse disorders treated in an outpatient program to identify sex differences that may have implications for treatment.
Our sample consisted of 96 HCPs (54 men, 42 women) and 17 non-healthcare professional (N-HCP) women. All of the participants were evaluated using the program's clinical interview and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Chart review data contained categorical variables, qualitative variables, diagnoses, and psychological test scores. A second analysis was conducted through two separate comparisons: the PAI results of comparing impaired female HCPs with impaired male HCPs and the PAI results of comparing impaired female HCPs with impaired female N-HCPs.
Statistically significant differences indicated more male participants received prior treatment and more intensive treatment than female participants. More female subjects reported being diagnosed as having a comorbid psychiatric condition and taking psychotropic medications. Several statistically significant differences in the PAI scores were found. Among female HCPs, elevations were found in anxiety, depression, paranoia, and borderline personality disorder. Substantive differences, although not statistically significant, were elevations in somatic complaints and anxiety disorders in female HCPs. In the comparison of female HCPs and N-HCPs, the only statistically significant difference was the significantly higher anxiety score of N-HCPs.
The results indicate greater differences between female HCPs and male HCPs than between female HCPs and N-HCPs.
性别在物质滥用障碍的发展和治疗中起着重要作用。针对女孩和女性的针对性别治疗已反复证明更有效，比传统治疗效果更好。对受损医疗保健专业人员（HCP）的研究主要集中在男性身上，对女性和性别差异关注较少。随着女性HCP数量的增加，识别可能对治疗有影响的潜在性别差异势在必行。我们的研究比较了在门诊项目中接受治疗的患有物质滥用障碍的男性和女性HCP的便利样本，以识别可能对治疗有影响的性别差异。
我们的样本包括96名HCP（54名男性，42名女性）和17名非医疗保健专业人员（N-HCP）女性。所有参与者均通过该项目的临床访谈和人格评估量表（PAI）进行评估。病历审查数据包含分类变量、定性变量、诊断和心理测试分数。通过两个单独的比较进行了第二次分析：将受损女性HCP与受损男性HCP的PAI结果进行比较，以及将受损女性HCP与受损女性N-HCP的PAI结果进行比较。
统计学上的显著差异表明，接受过先前治疗和强化治疗的男性参与者比女性参与者更多。更多女性受试者报告被诊断患有共病精神疾病并服用精神药物。在PAI分数中发现了几个统计学上的显著差异。在女性HCP中，焦虑、抑郁、偏执和边缘性人格障碍得分升高。虽然没有统计学意义，但女性HCP的躯体不适和焦虑症得分有实质性差异。在女性HCP和N-HCP的比较中，唯一具有统计学意义的差异是N-HCP的焦虑得分显著更高。
结果表明，女性HCP与男性HCP之间的差异大于女性HCP与N-HCP之间的差异。
