Williams Tim D, Mirbahai Leda, Chipman J Kevin
School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. Tel.: +44 121 414 3393; Fax: +44 121 414 5925;
Brief Funct Genomics. 2014 Mar;13(2):157-71. doi: 10.1093/bfgp/elt053. Epub 2014 Jan 7.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of a number of teleost fish species frequently employed in toxicology. Toxico-genomics determines global transcriptomic responses to chemical exposures and can predict their effects. It has been applied successfully within aquatic toxicology to assist in chemical testing, determination of mechanisms and environmental monitoring. Moreover, the related field of toxico-epigenomics, that determines chemical-induced changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and micro-RNA expression, is emerging as a valuable contribution to understanding mechanisms of both adaptive and adverse responses. Zebrafish has proven a useful and convenient model species for both transcriptomic and epigenetic toxicological studies. Despite zebrafish's dominance in other areas of fish biology, alternative fish species are used extensively in toxico-genomics. The main reason for this is that environmental monitoring generally focuses on species native to the region of interest. We are starting to see advances in the integration of high-throughput screening, omics techniques and bioinformatics together with more traditional indicator endpoints that are relevant to regulators. Integration of such approaches with high-throughput testing of zebrafish embryos, leading to the discovery of adverse outcome pathways, promises to make a major contribution to ensuring the safety of chemicals in the environment.
斑马鱼（Danio rerio）是毒理学中常用的硬骨鱼物种之一。毒理基因组学可确定对化学物质暴露的整体转录组反应，并能预测其影响。它已在水生毒理学中成功应用，以协助化学测试、作用机制确定和环境监测。此外，毒理表观基因组学这一相关领域，可确定化学物质诱导的DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和微小RNA表达变化，正成为理解适应性和不良反应机制的重要贡献。斑马鱼已被证明是转录组学和表观遗传毒理学研究中有用且便捷的模式物种。尽管斑马鱼在鱼类生物学的其他领域占主导地位，但替代鱼类物种在毒理基因组学中也被广泛使用。主要原因是环境监测通常关注感兴趣区域的本地物种。我们开始看到高通量筛选、组学技术和生物信息学与对监管机构有意义的更传统指标终点的整合取得进展。将这些方法与斑马鱼胚胎的高通量测试相结合，从而发现不良结局途径，有望为确保环境中化学物质的安全做出重大贡献。
