Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Lois Pope LIFE Center, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014 Mar;34(3):369-75. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.227. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
The inflammasome is an intracellular multiprotein complex involved in the activation of caspase-1 and the processing of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. The inflammasome in the central nervous system (CNS) is involved in the generation of an innate immune inflammatory response through IL-1 cytokine release and in cell death through the process of pyroptosis. In this review, we consider the different types of inflammasomes (NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRP3, and AIM2) that have been described in CNS cells, namely neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Importantly, we focus on the role of the inflammasome after brain and spinal cord injury and cover the potential activators of the inflammasome after CNS injury such as adenosine triphosphate and DNA, and the therapeutic potential of targeting the inflammasome to improve outcomes after CNS trauma.
炎症小体是一种细胞内多蛋白复合物，参与半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1 的激活和前炎症细胞因子白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和 IL-18 的加工。中枢神经系统（CNS）中的炎症小体通过白细胞介素 1 细胞因子释放参与固有免疫炎症反应的产生，并通过细胞焦亡过程导致细胞死亡。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了已在 CNS 细胞（即神经元、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞）中描述的不同类型的炎症小体（NLRP1、NLRP2、NLRP3 和 AIM2）。重要的是，我们专注于炎症小体在脑和脊髓损伤后的作用，并涵盖了 CNS 损伤后炎症小体的潜在激活剂，如三磷酸腺苷和 DNA，以及靶向炎症小体以改善 CNS 创伤后结局的治疗潜力。
