Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada.
Department of Medicine (Nephrology), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2014 Feb;15(2):84-97. doi: 10.1038/nrn3638. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
Microglia and macrophages in the CNS contain multimolecular complexes termed inflammasomes. Inflammasomes function as intracellular sensors for infectious agents as well as for host-derived danger signals that are associated with neurological diseases, including meningitis, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Assembly of an inflammasome activates caspase 1 and, subsequently, the proteolysis and release of the cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, as well as pyroptotic cell death. Since the discovery of inflammasomes in 2002, there has been burgeoning recognition of their complexities and functions. Here, we review the current understanding of the functions of different inflammasomes in the CNS and their roles in neurological diseases.
中枢神经系统中的小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞含有称为炎性体的多分子复合物。炎性体作为细胞内传感器，可检测到与神经疾病相关的感染因子以及宿主来源的危险信号，这些疾病包括脑膜炎、中风和阿尔茨海默病。炎性体的组装激活半胱天冬酶 1，随后，细胞因子白细胞介素-1β和白细胞介素-18 的蛋白水解和释放，以及细胞焦亡性细胞死亡。自 2002 年发现炎性体以来，人们对其复杂性和功能有了更多的认识。在这里，我们回顾了不同炎性体在中枢神经系统中的功能及其在神经疾病中的作用的现有理解。
