Key Laboratory for Power machinery and Engineering of M. O. E., Shanghai Jiao Tong University , No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Apr 1;48(7):4137-44. doi: 10.1021/es404458j. Epub 2014 Mar 17.
This study presented life cycle water footprints (WFs) of biofuels from biomass in China based on the resource distribution, climate conditions, soil conditions and crop growing characteristics. Life cycle WFs including blue, green and gray water were evaluated for the selected fuel pathways. Geographical differences of water requirements were revealed to be different by locations. The results indicated that water irrigation requirements were significantly different from crop to crop, ranging from 2-293, 78-137, and 17-621 m(3)/ha, for sweet sorghum, cassava, and Jatropha curcas L., respectively. Four biofuel pathways were selected on this basis to analyze the life cycle WF: cassava based bioethanol in Guangxi, sweet sorghum based bioethanol in Northeast China, Jatropha curcal L. based biodiesel in Yunnan and microalgae based biodiesel in Hainan. The life cycle WFs of bioethanol from cassava and sweet sorghum were 3708, and 17 156 m(3) per ton of bioethanol, respectively, whereas for biodiesel produced from Jatropha curcas L. and microalgae, they were 5787, and 31 361 m(3) per ton of biodiesel, respectively. The crop growing stage was the main contributor to the whole life cycle of each pathway. Compared to blue and green water, gray water was significant due to the use of fertilizer during the growing of biomass. From the perspective of the WF, cassava based bioethanol in Guangxi and Jatropha based biodiesel in Yunnan were suitable for promotion, whereas the promotion for microalage based biodiesel in Hainan required improvement on technology.
本研究基于资源分布、气候条件、土壤条件和作物生长特点，提出了中国生物质生物燃料的生命周期水足迹（WF）。对选定的燃料途径进行了包括蓝、绿和灰水在内的生命周期 WF 评估。结果表明，水资源需求的地理差异因地点而异。结果表明，不同作物的灌溉用水需求差异显著，分别为 2-293、78-137 和 17-621m³/公顷，用于甜高粱、木薯和麻疯树。在此基础上，选择了四种生物燃料途径来分析生命周期 WF：广西木薯基生物乙醇、中国东北甜高粱基生物乙醇、云南麻疯树基生物柴油和海南微藻基生物柴油。木薯基生物乙醇和甜高粱基生物乙醇的生命周期 WF 分别为 3708 和 17156m³/吨生物乙醇，而麻疯树基生物柴油和微藻基生物柴油的生命周期 WF 分别为 5787 和 31361m³/吨生物柴油。作物生长阶段是每个途径全生命周期的主要贡献者。与蓝水和绿水相比，由于在生物质生长过程中使用了化肥，灰水的重要性显著增加。从 WF 的角度来看，广西的木薯基生物乙醇和云南的麻疯树基生物柴油适合推广，而海南的微藻基生物柴油的推广需要在技术上进行改进。
