Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2014 Mar;14(2):143-51. doi: 10.1586/14737159.2014.868307. Epub 2014 Jan 9.
Since aptamers were reported in 1990, research into the applications of aptamers, particularly diagnostic applications, has been growing. Aptamers can act as recognition elements instead of antibodies. In this regard, aptamers have unique characteristics because they are composed of nucleic acids. Intra- and intermolecular interactions of nucleic acids can be easily tailored following straightforward hybridization rules. Nucleic acids can be enzymatically replicated and their sequences can be determined using high-throughput methods. Using these properties, ligand-induced structural change-based aptamer sensors for homogeneous assays, polymerase- and/or nuclease-combined aptamer sensors for ultrasensitive assays, and microarray/next-generation sequencing-based aptamer sensors for multiplexed assays have been developed. This article reviews these unique aptamer sensors, demonstrating their great potential for diagnostic applications.
自 1990 年报道适配体以来，对适配体的应用研究，特别是诊断应用的研究一直在不断发展。适配体可以作为识别元件替代抗体。在这方面，适配体具有独特的特性，因为它们由核酸组成。核酸的分子内和分子间相互作用可以根据简单的杂交规则进行精确调整。核酸可以通过酶复制，并且可以使用高通量方法确定它们的序列。利用这些特性，已经开发了基于配体诱导结构变化的适体传感器用于均相分析、聚合酶和/或核酸酶组合的适体传感器用于超灵敏分析，以及基于微阵列/下一代测序的适体传感器用于多重分析。本文综述了这些独特的适配体传感器，展示了它们在诊断应用中的巨大潜力。
