School of Psychology, Cognition Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK.
Addiction. 2014 May;109(5):728-35. doi: 10.1111/add.12472. Epub 2014 Feb 16.
Research into craving is hampered by lack of theoretical specification and a plethora of substance-specific measures. This study aimed to develop a generic measure of craving based on elaborated intrusion (EI) theory. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) examined whether a generic measure replicated the three-factor structure of the Alcohol Craving Experience (ACE) scale over different consummatory targets and time-frames.
Twelve studies were pooled for CFA. Targets included alcohol, cigarettes, chocolate and food. Focal periods varied from the present moment to the previous week. Separate analyses were conducted for strength and frequency forms.
Nine studies included university students, with single studies drawn from an internet survey, a community sample of smokers and alcohol-dependent out-patients.
A heterogeneous sample of 1230 participants.
Adaptations of the ACE questionnaire.
Both craving strength [comparative fit indices (CFI = 0.974; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.039, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.035-0.044] and frequency (CFI = 0.971, RMSEA = 0.049, 95% CI = 0.044-0.055) gave an acceptable three-factor solution across desired targets that mapped onto the structure of the original ACE (intensity, imagery, intrusiveness), after removing an item, re-allocating another and taking intercorrelated error terms into account. Similar structures were obtained across time-frames and targets. Preliminary validity data on the resulting 10-item Craving Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) for cigarettes and alcohol were strong.
The Craving Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) is a brief, conceptually grounded and psychometrically sound measure of desires. It demonstrates a consistent factor structure across a range of consummatory targets in both laboratory and clinical contexts.
由于缺乏理论规范和过多的特定物质的测量方法，对渴望的研究受到了阻碍。本研究旨在基于详细的入侵（EI）理论，开发一种通用的渴望测量方法。验证性因子分析（CFA）检验了一种通用的测量方法是否可以复制酒精渴望体验（ACE）量表的三因素结构，该量表适用于不同的消费目标和时间框架。
十二项研究被汇总用于 CFA。目标包括酒精、香烟、巧克力和食物。焦点期从现在到前一周不等。分别对强度和频率形式进行了分析。
九项研究包括大学生，还有一项研究来自互联网调查、吸烟者社区样本和酒精依赖门诊患者。
1230 名参与者的异质样本。
对 ACE 问卷进行改编。
无论是渴望强度（比较拟合指数（CFI）= 0.974；均方根误差近似值（RMSEA）= 0.039，95%置信区间（CI）= 0.035-0.044）还是频率（CFI = 0.971，RMSEA = 0.049，95% CI = 0.044-0.055），在去除一个项目、重新分配另一个项目并考虑相关误差项后，都可以在所需目标上得到可接受的三因素解决方案，映射到原始 ACE 的结构（强度、意象、入侵）。在时间框架和目标上也得到了相似的结构。香烟和酒精的渴望体验问卷（CEQ）的初步有效性数据非常强。
渴望体验问卷（CEQ）是一种简短、基于概念和具有良好心理测量学特性的渴望测量方法。它在实验室和临床环境中，在一系列消费目标上都表现出一致的因素结构。
