Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Addict Behav. 2019 Aug;95:110-117. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.02.023. Epub 2019 Feb 27.
Both research and clinical practice acknowledge the importance of craving as a maintenance and relapse factor in gambling disorder. The elaborated intrusion theory (EIT; Kavanagh et al., 2005) of desire has been extensively investigated in relation to psychoactive substance or food cravings but, to date, has scarcely been studied in relation to gambling. In such a context, developing an assessment tool of gambling craving based on the EIT is warranted. To fill this gap in the literature, we aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of a gambling-adapted version of the Craving Experience Questionnaire (CEQ; May et al., 2014), which is the best established measure of craving theoretically anchored in the EIT. An online survey that included the gambling CEQ (g-CEQ) and a craving induction procedure was administered to 274 community participants involved in gambling at least a few times a year. Concurrent and convergent validity were explored through correlations with a scale that measured gambling urge and with a series of questionnaires that measured disordered gambling symptoms, gambling cognitions, and gambling motives. The confirmatory factor analyses supported the validity of the expected three-factor model of the "strength" and "frequency" forms of the g-CEQ and showed better model fit than a one-factor solution, corroborating the initial structure of the CEQ. Furthermore, the scale has good internal consistency and its validity is supported by correlations with gambling-related constructs. The g-CEQ is thus a theoretically and psychometrically sound instrument to measure gambling craving based on the EIT.
研究和临床实践都承认，渴望是赌博障碍维持和复发的一个因素。详尽的侵入理论（EIT；Kavanagh 等人，2005 年）已经广泛研究了与精神活性物质或食物渴望有关的问题，但迄今为止，与赌博相关的研究很少。在这种情况下，根据 EIT 开发一种赌博渴望评估工具是合理的。为了填补这一文献空白，我们旨在开发和测试基于 EIT 的赌博适应版渴望体验问卷（CEQ；May 等人，2014 年）的心理测量特性，这是理论上基于 EIT 的最成熟的渴望测量工具。一项在线调查包括赌博 CEQ（g-CEQ）和渴望诱导程序，该调查对 274 名社区参与者进行了调查，这些参与者每年至少参与几次赌博。通过与测量赌博冲动的量表以及一系列测量障碍性赌博症状、赌博认知和赌博动机的问卷进行相关性分析，探讨了同时性和收敛效度。验证性因素分析支持 g-CEQ 的“强度”和“频率”形式的预期三因素模型的有效性，并且比单因素解决方案具有更好的模型拟合度，证实了 CEQ 的初始结构。此外，该量表具有良好的内部一致性，其有效性得到了与赌博相关结构的相关性的支持。因此，g-CEQ 是一种基于 EIT 测量赌博渴望的理论和心理测量上合理的工具。
