Aboumaâd B, Iba N, Dersi N
Laboratoire de biochimie et de neurosciences. Faculté des sciences et techniques, Université Hassan 1, Route de Casablanca BP 577, 26000, Settat, Maroc.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2014 Feb;107(1):39-47. doi: 10.1007/s13149-014-0332-7. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
Around the world and especially in summer, the scorpion envenomation is a real public health problem. In Morocco, its gravity is due to the diversity of genera of the Buthidae family whose their venom is potentially lethal, mainly the genus Androctonus, Buthus and Hottentota. The areas most affected by this problematic are the central and southern of Morocco. The lethality of scorpion's venom primarily affects children. It is rich in neurotoxic polypeptides that have targeted ion channel membrane Na(+), K(+) activated or not by Ca(++). The toxins polymorphism causes pathophysiological disorders. The diversity of symptomatic treatment in the absence of immunotherapy is due to variability in clinical pictures, which depends on the species involved and the patient at risk. The objective of this review is to highlight the magnitude of the scorpion envenomation by describing its epidemiological characteristics, elucidate the pathophysiological effects of the venom of the most dangerous scorpions in Morocco the genus Androctonus, Buthus and Hottentota, and their therapeutic treatment.
在全球范围内，尤其是在夏季，蝎子蜇伤是一个切实存在的公共卫生问题。在摩洛哥，其严重性源于钳蝎科各属的多样性，这些属的蝎子毒液具有潜在致命性，主要是杀人蝎属、钳蝎属和肥尾蝎属。受此问题影响最严重的地区是摩洛哥中部和南部。蝎子毒液的致死性主要影响儿童。其富含神经毒性多肽，这些多肽靶向离子通道膜上的钠（Na⁺）、钾（K⁺），且有的受钙（Ca²⁺）激活，有的不受其激活。毒素的多态性会引发病理生理紊乱。在缺乏免疫疗法的情况下，对症治疗的多样性是由于临床表现的差异，这取决于所涉及的蝎子种类和高危患者。本综述的目的是通过描述蝎子蜇伤的流行病学特征来突出其严重性，阐明摩洛哥最危险的蝎子属（杀人蝎属、钳蝎属和肥尾蝎属）毒液的病理生理效应及其治疗方法。
