Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
J Youth Adolesc. 1976 Jun;5(2):113-29. doi: 10.1007/BF01537487.
Recent empirical findings viewed from a cognitive developmental perspective suggest new interpretive stances toward three familiar themes -the fears of infancy, the discontinuous quality of stages in cognitive functioning, and the capacity for resilience in cognitive development. (1) Time of onset and decline of separation anxiety in infants are primarily a function of the infant's level of cognitive development rather than variation in interactive experiences with the caretaker. (2) Cognitive competences seem to be severely limited to specific problem contexts, and we should not talk of competences in the abstract. Hence stages should be viewed as continuous and gradual. (3) Young mammals seem to retain a capacity for recovery from early experiences that retard normal development if they are fortunate enough to be moved to a more benign context.
从认知发展的角度来看，最近的实证研究结果表明，对于三个熟悉的主题——婴儿期的恐惧、认知功能阶段的不连续性以及认知发展的弹性能力——可以采取新的解释立场。(1)婴儿分离焦虑的开始和消退时间主要是婴儿认知发展水平的函数，而不是与照顾者互动体验的变化。(2)认知能力似乎严重局限于特定的问题情境，我们不应该抽象地谈论能力。因此，阶段应该被视为连续的和渐进的。(3)如果幸运的话，年幼的哺乳动物能够从阻碍正常发育的早期经历中恢复过来，因为它们被转移到一个更良性的环境中。
